A primer on the fundamental principles of light microscopy: Optimizing magnification, resolution, and contrast

Goodwin, Paul C.

doi:10.1002/mrd.22385

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It can be seen that in the image illuminated by the red LED light, the colors of the skin tissue blended into the background, which is called the property of minimal light absorbance [23]. The fungi appeared darker in color (figure 10(a)).…”

Section: Application Of Msimentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of multi-spectral LED lighting system with high color uniformity for microscopic imaging

Li¹,

Dong²,

Zhang³

2023

Laser Phys.

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Multi-spectral imaging is commonly used in biomedical field to detect and recognize targets, which are in a low contrast with their background. Highly integrated multichannel light-emitting diode (LED) devices enable tuning the spectral contents of the illumination in an accurate and compact fashion, and hence make multi-spectral lighting more easily achievable even in a microscope. Besides the light source, the light mixing system is also a key to realize it. Existing light mixing devices available for multi-spectral LED lighting systems are both costly to manufacture and intricate in design, making them a challenging solution to create. This work proposes a design of multi-spectral lighting system for microscopic imaging, which can achieve a high uniformity in the effective area of illumination in terms of both the illuminance and chromaticity. Simulation results first demonstrate that the designed lighting system consisting of two rods, both containing a frosted emitting surface, managed to reduce the non-uniformity to less than 0.05 for both the illuminance and chromaticity. Experiments with a real prototype show highly uniformly illuminated microscopic images of tissue section samples. Moreover, the pathogenic fungi in the infected tissue section samples can be highlighted by the superposition of multi-spectral images. These experimental results indicate that the designed multi-spectral LED lighting system can improve the quality of microscopic imaging in terms of the illumination and image contrast.

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Section: Application Of Msimentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of multi-spectral LED lighting system with high color uniformity for microscopic imaging

Li¹,

Dong²,

Zhang³

2023

Laser Phys.

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“…The body size of most water mite species is less than 1 mm, and measurements of their appendages must be obtained using microscopes. A general assumption in microscopy is that calibration with the largest number of stage micrometer divisions provides the highest degree of accuracy; however, this is not necessarily true, except for Plan Apochromat objectives [17,18].…”

Section: On the Origin Of Data: Uncertainty And Implied Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

A Cautionary Note on Linear Measurements and Their Ratios in Taxonomy

Valdecasas¹

2022

Taxonomy

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Statisticians work with figures, whereas scientists work with estimated quantities. Every direct (physical) measurement has some degree of uncertainty. Single numbers pose no problems, and an implied range can always be specified. Difficulties arise when those numbers or sets of numbers are used to calculate derived figures. Statistical measures such as ratios can be skewed if uncertainty about the actual measurements used to derive those quantities is not taken into account. This lack of consideration may lead to incorrect figures being used and calls into question the criteria used to diagnose, identify or delimit new species. In this case study, I use data gathered from the literature on different species of the clade Hydrachnidia (Acari, Parasitengona) to show how range ratios of important characters differ when uncertainty is considered. I outline the successive steps taken during the measuring process—from microscope calibration to the calculation of several statistical values from the direct measurements—and suggest some corrections. I anticipate that the results and recommendations presented here will be applicable to other taxonomic groups for which linear measurements play a central role in the description and identification of species.

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“…Such apparatus are named 'compound microscopes' [6]. The term magnification means the microscope's ability to make small objects seem larger, such as making a microscopic organism visible [1,2,[6][7][8]. The total magnification is the sum of the objective magnification (can be 5×, 10×, 40× or 100×) multiplied with the eyepiece magnification (usually 10×) [2,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Common and regular light microscope rely on light produced from lamp which generated electrically to operate [2,6,8]. The most frequent source for nowadays microscopes is an incandescent tungsten-halogen bulb, which is solely electric dependent, positioned in a reflective housing that projects light through the collector lens and into the sub-stage condenser [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency Microscope Light Modification by External Source in Absence of Power Supply

Siagian

2024

IJPR

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Introduction: Microscope is an instrument for visualizing fine detail of an object so that observer can observe the object being examined in detail. The object of examination vary from cells (normal or pathologic), microorganism (such as parasite and bacterium), and even non biological part. There are several types of microscope, one of the oldest forms and still used today is the light microscope. A light microscope relied on continuous light source to operate. The most common source for today's microscopes is an incandescent tungsten-halogen bulb, which is solely electric dependent, positioned in a reflective housing that projects light through the collector lens and into the sub-stage condenser. Current situations sometimes require readiness for conducting microscopic examination anytime, anywhere. Unfortunately, problem occur if the electricity goes out, most people will not be able to continue their microscopic observations. This problem raises the question of what if in an emergency it is necessary to carry out a microscopic examination but unfortunately there is no power source. Below we propose emergency modification efforts so that the microscope can still be used even in conditions without a power source. Aims: to modify an electric light microscope in such a way that it can continue to be used in the absence of an electrical power source using external source of light. Discussion: Adding an external source of light is a brilliant approach in order to make the electric dependent light microscope still useable in emergency condition. Conclusion: it is possible to modify an electric light microscope in the condition of no electric source available and make it operable.

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A primer on the fundamental principles of light microscopy: Optimizing magnification, resolution, and contrast

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Design of multi-spectral LED lighting system with high color uniformity for microscopic imaging

Design of multi-spectral LED lighting system with high color uniformity for microscopic imaging

A Cautionary Note on Linear Measurements and Their Ratios in Taxonomy

Emergency Microscope Light Modification by External Source in Absence of Power Supply

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