A Primer for EEG Signal Processing in Anesthesia

Rampil, Ira J.

doi:10.1097/00000542-199810000-00023

Cited by 1,281 publications

(842 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

760

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, heart rate was significantly increased at five minutes (P < 0.01 vs control, Table II). During these procedures, no significant changes in rSO 2 , systolic blood pressure, or other parameters were observed (Table II).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 94%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ľindex bispectral et la saturation en oxygène du sang cérébral régional pendant ľanesthésie au propofol/N2O

Kanemaru

Nishikawa

Goto

2006

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose:A study was undertaken to compare the influence of midazolam, isoflurane, and aminophylline (which may antagonize anesthetic action) on bispectral index (BIS) and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO 2 ) during propofol/N 2 O anesthesia, and to test the hypothesis that the drug-induced changes in BIS values are accompanied by a change in rSO 2 .Methods: General anesthesia was administered to 36 patients with a continuous infusion of propofol to maintain a BIS value of 40 ± 5. After baseline recordings, patients were randomly assigned to receive either midazolam, isoflurane, or aminophylline. Bispectral index values, rSO 2 using near-infrared spectroscopy, and hemodynamic parameters were recorded for 60 min.Results: Midazolam (0.05 mg·kg -1 ) significantly decreased the BIS from 47.8 ± 5.4 to 35.0 ± 4.5 at five minutes after injection (P < 0.001 vs control) during propofol anesthesia, whereas the rSO 2 was unchanged. Similarly, isoflurane (1.1% end-tidal) decreased the BIS from 42.5 ± 7.5 to 27.8 ± 6.9 (P < 0.001) without affecting rSO 2 . In contrast, aminophylline (3 mg·kg -1 ) was associated with an increase in BIS from 41.6 ± 2.1 to 48.3 ± 9.2 at five minutes after injection (P < 0.05) without affecting rSO 2 .Conclusions: Midazolam or isoflurane-induced decreases in the BIS during propofol anesthesia were not accompanied by a decrease in rSO 2 . Aminophylline significantly increased the BIS score during propofol anesthesia, suggesting that aminophylline can antagonize, at least in part, the sedative actions of propofol. 47,8 ± 5,4 à 35,0 ± 4,5 cinq minutes après l'injection (P < 0,001 vs témoin) pendant l'anesthésie au propofol, tandis que la rSO 2 n'a pas changé. De même,1,1 %) a diminué le BIS de 42,5 ± 7,5 à 27,8 ± 6,9 (P < 0,001) Objectif : Comparer l'influence du midazolam, de l'isoflurane et de l'aminophylline (qui peut contrer l'action anesthésique) sur l'index bispectral (BIS) et

show abstract

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 94%

“…1,2 Bispectral index allows monitoring of various factors that influence the patient's central nervous system response. Inhalational anesthetics and propofol produce dosedependent depression of the BIS value, and the BIS correlates the level of consciousness with a single anesthetic drug.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ľindex bispectral et la saturation en oxygène du sang cérébral régional pendant ľanesthésie au propofol/N2O

Kanemaru

Nishikawa

Goto

2006

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The IoC and the electric suppression rate (ESR) were calculated online from the EEG by the IoC-view R monitor (Revuelta et al, 2008). The ESR reflects the isoelectric EEG activity interrupted by brief periods of highamplitude EEG activity indicating a non-specific reduction in cerebral metabolic activity (Rampil, 1998) and which appears during deep anaesthesia (Schaul, 1998). An example of the data available for each pig is presented in Figure 1.…”

Section: Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of unconsciousness in pigs during exposure to nitrogen and carbon dioxide mixtures

Llonch

Rodríguez

Jospin

et al. 2013

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to assess unconsciousness in pigs during and after the exposure to gas mixtures of 70% nitrogen (N2) and 30% carbon dioxide (CO2) (70N30C), 80% N2 and 20% CO2 (80N20C) and 85% N2 and 15% CO2 (85N15C) compared with 90% CO2 in air (90C) by means of the Index of Consciousness®(IoC), their behaviour and the absence of brain stem reflexes. The experiment included three trials of 24 pigs divided into four groups according to the number of treatments. Half of the group was exposed for a short time and the other half for a long time (3 and 5 min for the N2/CO2 mixtures exposure and 2 and 3 min in 90C exposure, respectively). During exposure, the IoC and the electroencephalography suppression rate (ESR) were assessed, as well as the time to onset and percentage of gasping, loss of balance, vocalizations, muscular excitation and gagging. At the end of the exposure, the corneal reflex, rhythmic breathing and sensitivity to pain were each assessed at 10 s intervals for 5 min. Brain activity decreased significantly (P < 0.05) 37.60 s after the start of the exposure to 90% CO2, which was significantly earlier than in 70N30C, 80N20C and 85N15C exposure, (45.18 s, 46.92 s and 43.27 s, respectively). Before brain activity decreased, all pigs experienced gasping and loss of balance and a 98% muscular excitation. The duration of the muscular excitation was longer in animals exposed to 70N30C, 80N20C and 85N15C than 90C (P < 0.01). After a long exposure time, all animals exposed to 90C died, whereas the 30.4% of animals exposed to N2/CO2 gas mixtures survived. Pigs exposed to 85N15C recovered corneal reflex and sensitivity to pain significantly earlier than when exposed to 90C. Exposure to 90C causes a higher aversive reaction but a quicker loss of consciousness than N2/CO2 gas mixtures. Exposure to N2/CO2 gas mixtures causes a lower percentage of deaths and an earlier recovery of the brain stem activity than 90C, whereas the time to recover the cortical activity is similar. In conclusion, the inhalation of N2/CO2 gas mixtures reduces the aversion compared with high concentrations of CO2; however, the period of exposure for inducing unconsciousness may be longer in N2/CO2 gas mixtures, and the signs of recovery appear earlier, compared to CO2.

show abstract

“…The Bispectral Index (BIS) algorithm analyses spontaneous EEG information from the, time domain, bispectrum, and frequency domain, to generate a single dimensionless number (Rampil 1998). The AEP Monitor uses active acoustic stimulation, delivered through headphones, to generate middle latency auditory evoked potentials (MLAEP) (Kurita et al 2001).…”

Section: Norwood Usa) and Alaris Auditory Evoked Potentials (Aep) Momentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anaesthetics or sedation alters EEG latency and amplitude (Drummond 2000;Thornton and Sharpe 1998) and these changes are used to generate the A-line ARX Index TM (AAI) (Mantzaridis and Kenny 1997). BIS and AAI have a range from zero, where patient's EEG is isoelectric, to 100, when patients are awake (Nishiyama and Hanaoka 2004;Rampil 1998). To achieve desired levels of anaesthesia or sedation, medications can be titrated according to the displayed index.…”

Section: Norwood Usa) and Alaris Auditory Evoked Potentials (Aep) Momentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the utility of EEG depth of anaesthesia monitors in the paediatric intensive care environment

McKeever

Johnston

Davidson

2012

Intensive and Critical Care Nursing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A Primer for EEG Signal Processing in Anesthesia

Cited by 1,281 publications

References 47 publications

Ľindex bispectral et la saturation en oxygène du sang cérébral régional pendant ľanesthésie au propofol/N2O

Ľindex bispectral et la saturation en oxygène du sang cérébral régional pendant ľanesthésie au propofol/N2O

Assessment of unconsciousness in pigs during exposure to nitrogen and carbon dioxide mixtures

A review of the utility of EEG depth of anaesthesia monitors in the paediatric intensive care environment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About