A primer for clinicians on alternatives to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Phillips, Gabrielle; Raskin, Jonathan D.

doi:10.1037/pro0000327

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The diagnosis of a fresh case of ADHD, however, is more difficult to determine without a physical examination. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) states that certain symptoms for such a diagnosis must have been present before the age of 12 [ 102 ], even though were not aware of the player. Stimulants are not authorized when certain diagnostic requirements are met, according to the NCAA, WADA, and some professional sports leagues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the mental health in sports: a review

et al. 2023

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Global pandemic, lockdown restrictions, and COVID-19 compulsory social isolation guidelines have raised unprecedented mental health in the sports community. The COVID-19 pandemic is found to affect the mental health of the population. In critical situations, health authorities and sports communities must identify their priorities and make plans to maintain athletes’ health and athletic activities. Several aspects play an important role in prioritization and strategic planning, e.g., physical and mental health, distribution of resources, and short to long-term environmental considerations. To identify the psychological health of sportspeople and athletes due to the outbreak of COVID-19 has been reviewed in this research. This review article also analyzes the impact of COVID-19 on health mental in databases. The COVID-19 outbreak and quarantine would have a serious negative impact on the mental health of athletes. From the accessible sources, 80 research articles were selected and examined for this purpose such as Research Gate, PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer, Scopus, and Web of Science and based on the involvement for this study 14 research articles were accessed. This research has an intention on mental health issues in athletes due to the Pandemic. This report outlines the mental, emotional and behavioural consequences of COVID-19 home confinement. Further, research literature reported that due to the lack of required training, physical activity, practice sessions, and collaboration with teammates and coaching staff are the prime causes of mental health issues in athletes. The discussions also reviewed several pieces of literature which examined the impacts on sports and athletes, impacts on various countries, fundamental issues of mental health and the diagnosis for the sports person and athletes, and the afterlife of the COVID-19 pandemic for them. Because of the compulsory restrictions and guidelines of this COVID-19 eruption, the athletes of different sports and geographical regions are suffering from fewer psychological issues which were identified in this paper. Accordingly, the COVID-19 pandemic appears to negatively affect the mental health of the athletes with the prevalence and levels of anxiety and stress increasing, and depression symptoms remaining unaltered. Addressing and mitigating the negative effect of COVID-19 on the mental health of this population identified from this review.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the mental health in sports: a review

et al. 2023

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“…Information on alternatives is starting to be disseminated to clinicians (Phillips & Raskin, 2021). The most publicized alternative is the mental disorders section of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD;World Health Organization, 1992, 2022.…”

Section: Alternatives To Dsmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychologist attitudes toward DSM-5 and its alternatives.

Raskin¹,

Maynard²,

Gayle³

2022

Professional Psychology: Research and Practice

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A survey of psychologists’ attitudes toward the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–5 (DSM-5), and its alternatives was conducted. Almost 90% of psychologists reported regularly consulting DSM-5, despite dissatisfaction with it. However, opinions varied by theoretical orientation. Cognitive-behavioral psychologists held positive attitudes about DSM, whereas psychodynamic and humanistic/constructivist/systems psychologists were negatively inclined toward it. Integrative/eclectic psychologists were in between. Diagnostic codes and identifying pathology were seen as DSM-5’s biggest advantages, and the medicalization of psychosocial problems and obscuring individual differences as its biggest disadvantages. Psychologists supported developing alternatives to DSM-5, but when asked about six alternatives—International Classification of Diseases (ICD), Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual–2 (PDM), Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis (OPD), Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP), and Power Threat Meaning Framework (PTMF)—they were generally unfamiliar with them except for ICD. Although not wishing to abandon the medical model, psychologists (except for cognitive-behaviorists) said DSM-5 relies too much on medical semantics and questioned whether mental disorders should be considered a subset of medical disorders. Overall, psychologists use DSM for practical reasons (diagnostic categories and codes) more than scientific ones (validity and reliability). This finding affirms something remarkable: Despite ongoing attention to revising and improving DSM over the past four decades, psychologists remain lukewarm toward it and strongly interested in alternatives. However, until alternatives are better known and provide the necessary practical advantages, psychologists will likely continue to use DSM despite their mixed feelings about it.

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“…However, others have criticised the PTM framework as driven by ideology and difficult to read (Salkovskis, 2018) and unclear in its distinction between medical and psychological challenges (Larkin, 2018). Additionally, the framework's prioritisation of social causes of human suffering has led to accusations that it ignores evidence of biological influences on mental health (Phillips & Raskin, 2020). Thus far, these debates have been largely based on anecdotal experience and theoretical commitments; little research has empirically evaluated the outcomes of adopting a PTM approach.…”

Section: Psychological Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a psychiatric diagnosis vs a clinical formulation on lay attitudes to people with psychosis

2021

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Background: Limited research has investigated whether replacing psychiatric diagnosis with psychological formulation-based approaches has implications for lay attitudes to mental health. The present study investigates experimentally whether presenting psychosis in terms of a schizophrenia diagnosis vs. formulation narrative affects stigma and treatment attitudes in the general public. Method:The study employed a between-groups experimental vignette design, with data collected online. 351 participants (64.1% female, aged 18-66,) read a vignette about a person experiencing psychosis, defined with either a diagnosis of schizophrenia or a narrative-based formulation. Participants completed a battery of scales measuring their attitudes to the vignette character (social distance, attribution, recommended treatment options, mental help-seeking attitudes). Results: Desired social distance was significantly greater in participants exposed to the diagnostic label of schizophrenia. The schizophrenia label led participants to rate medical care as significantly more helpful relative to the formulation condition but did not affect ratings of specialist or community care or mental help-seeking attitudes. Conclusions: These findings suggest that a psychological formulation approach may slightly lessen stigma-related attitudes, relative to traditional diagnostic systems. Popularisation of formulation models need not compromise general orientations to help-seeking or perceived helpfulness of specialist care but may lead to less medicalised treatment preferences.

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A primer for clinicians on alternatives to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Cited by 9 publications

References 49 publications

Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the mental health in sports: a review

Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the mental health in sports: a review

Psychologist attitudes toward DSM-5 and its alternatives.

Effects of a psychiatric diagnosis vs a clinical formulation on lay attitudes to people with psychosis

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