A primate T-lymphotropic virus, PTLV-L, different from human T-lymphotropic viruses types I and II, in a wild-caught baboon (Papio hamadryas).

Abstract

Searching for dues to the evolution of the primate T-lymphotroplc viruses (PTLVs), which include the human and the simian T-lymphotopic viruses TLV and STLV), we have Identified o r PTLV, which differs suf7 ently from the known PTLV-I and PFLV-U tpes to be desigated here PTLV-L. The virus was Isolated from a wild-born baboon (Papio kWaiyas) from Eritrea. In a cDNA library a 1802-bp-long fragment was Idenfed that extends from the env region, In ldng the complete transmembrane protein gene, to part of the tax/rex gene. Hiomldgies at the nucleotde sequence level of PTLV-L, prototype imian T-lymphotropc virus-PH969, with HTLV-I and -H, respectively, were 62% and 64% overal, 65% and 70% In theenv regon, and 80% and 80% in the partial tax/rex sequence. In the 5'

Divergent Simian T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 3 (STLV-3) in Wild-Caught Papio hamadryas papio from Senegal: Widespread Distribution of STLV-3 in Africa

“…As for STLV-3, only one strain of its type was known until 2001. This strain, PHA-PH969 (originally called PTLV-L/PH969), was isolated in 1994 from an Eritrean baboon (Papio hamadryas) kept in a captive colony in Leuven, Belgium (6). Very recently, a few other STLV-3 strains (all different) were characterized in different wild-caught monkey species living either in East (Ethiopia) or Central (Cameroon) Africa.…”

“…The primate T-cell lymphotropic viruses (PTLVs), which include human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) (21), simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (STLV-1) (I. Miyoshi, S. Yoshimoto, M. Fujishita, H. Taguchi, I. Kubonishi, K. Niiya, and M. Minezawa, Letter, Lancet ii:658, 1982), HTLV-2 (9), STLV-2 (5,34), and STLV-3 (6), constitute a group of related human and simian retroviruses, sharing common biological and molecular features. Nevertheless, their origin and evolutionary relationship, as well as their modes of dissemination, are still unclear and a matter of discussion (2,4,10,26,29).…”

Simian T-Lymphotropic Virus Diversity among Nonhuman Primates, Cameroon

“…Every HTLV-1 subtype except A is composed of genetically related HTLV-1 and STLV-1 strains from many different primate species, all found geographically near each other. Similarly, PTLV-3s exhibit broad diversity among NHPs in the wild; currently, 3 subtypes have been suggested according to the geographic origin of the strains (17): East African STLV-3 subtype A includes STLV-3 (PH969) found in a baboon (Papio hamadryas) from Eritrea (18) and from captive gelada baboons (Theropithecus gelada) (19); West and Central African STLV-3 subtype B includes STLV-3 (CTO-604) and STLV-3 (CTO-602) found among mangabeys (Cercocebus torquatus) from Cameroon (20) and STLV-3 (PPAF3) from baboons (P. hamadryas papio) from Senegal (17); and Central African STLV-3 subtype C includes divergent strains (Cni217 and Cni227) from Cercopithecus nictitans monkeys from Cameroon (21). Together, this clustering by geography rather than host species suggests the ease with which STLVs are transmitted among NHPs and possibly to humans (2,3,5,22,23).…”

Construction and Characterization of a Full-Length Infectious Simian T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 3 Molecular Clone

“…Microscope analysis revealed the presence of viral particles (Fig. 5a to c) whose sizes were not homogeneous (80 to 110 nm) and whose cores were of various densities, as previously reported for HTLV-1-infected cells (data not shown and reference 38), for cells transfected with an HTLV-2 molecular clone (data not shown), and for a short-term culture of STLV-3-infected cells (22). An envelope is visible in an enlarged image of Fig.…”