“…Use of pre-operative education for patients is widespread, especially in the USA (Lindeman, 1972;Crabtree, 1978;Wilson, 1981;Ziemer, 1983;Vallejo, 1987;Schoessler, 1989;Haines and Viellion, 1990;Orr, 1990;Allen et al, 1992;Haines, 1992;Recker, 1994;Roach et al, 1995;Brumfield et al, 1996;Lookinland and Pool, 1998;Claeys et al, 1998;Daltroy et al, 1998;Pellino et al, 1998). Other research on patient education has been carried out in Canada (Wong and Wong, 1985), Sweden (Lilja et al, 1998), Singapore (Lum et al, 2000), Australia (Lee and Lee, 2000) and the UK (Spalding, 1995;Gammon and Mulholland, 1996;Cooil and Bithell, 1997;Spalding, 2000).…”