A Preonic Model of Quarks and Particles, Based on a Cold Genesis Theory

Abstract

The theoretic model explains the generating of heavy quarks and of heavy particles using the known quark s(strange) and two semi-light quarks: λ±(435 MeV) and v±(∼574 MeV) resulting from a cold genesis theory1 of astro-particles’ forming, (CGT), the masses of the quarks c• (charm) and b• (bottom) of the Standard Model but also the values used by de Souza: c = 1.7 GeV and b = 5 GeV, being re-obtained as tri-quark clusters in the form: [(qq¯)q]], by a simple de-excitation reaction, with the emission of a preonic boson obtained in CGT: z0 = 34me, respective: z2 = 4z0 and zμ = 6z0- for the quarks b• and b. A similar de-excitation reaction, with emission of a preonic boson zk = n⋅z0, (n = 1÷7), representing less than 2.7% from the particle’s mass, explains the experimentally obtained masses of heavy baryons and mesons and of some multi-quark particles, with discrepancy <1% generally. The heavy current quarks result by lighter current quarks with quasi-crystalline internal structure, with trigonal/hexagonal symmetry of preonic kernels of two preonic bosons: z2 = 4z0; zπ = 7z0, the top-quark resulting as: t = 17(bb¯) + b = (7x5)⋅m(b), with a kernel of regular hexagonal polyhedron form, given by kernels of b-quarks. The model is compatible with the generation model and explains the quarks pairs forming from relativist e−- e+ jets.

A hybrid model of constituent quarks

“…The model of light/semi-light quarks For a hybrid model of quark with concordance with experimental data, but more natural than that of the S.M., we will identify the quark's current mass with the quark's kerneloid resulted in CGT 8 with a radius 0.3 q r fm ≤ -conformed to some previous experiments, 13 and the quark's constituent mass given by addition of 2 z -and z π -bosons formed by 0 z -preons, as in CGT, (Figure 1&2), but considering-as in the S.M. (in a simplified way, corresponding to a "toy" model) that the entire mass of the current quark is contained in its (kerneloidic) volume ( ) q q r υ and that the entire mass of the 0 z -preons is contained by their sub-components.…”

“…However, in a quark model of a Cold Genesis Theory (CGT), [6][7][8] resulted as cluster of degenerate electrons e * , these scattering centers of ~10 -18 m are considered electronic super-dense centroids, the generating of heavy quarks and of heavy particles being explained using the known quark s(500 MeV) and two semi-light quarks:…”

“…and reconfirmed in 2019 [11] , but predicted by CGT in 2006. 6 Conform to the model, [6][7][8] the heavy current quarks results by lighter current quarks with quasi-crystalline internal structure, by an arrangement with trigonal/hexagonal symmetry of preonic kernels, by two preonic bosons: ( ) ( )…”

“…, with a kernel of regular hexagonal polyhedron form, given by kernels of b-quarks. 8 The electron's magnetic moment results in CGT as vortex µ Γ of 'quantons', with mass )…”

“…A small impenetrable quantum volume υ I is considered in CGT not only for nucleons and quarks, but also for the vector photon, for electron-(resulted with classic radius a = 1.41 fm, corresponding to e-charge in its surface) and for the 0 z -preon, this kernel resulting with a radius: x − = fm -for the free electron, respective: 3.5x10 -2 fm for the 0 z -preon, 6 which-in this case, has a similar shell, of photons with rest mass (CGT), [6][7][8] transmitted to the formed quark. The conclusion of a photon's rest mass comparable with their relativist mass was argued by the Galilean relativity and the d'Alembert paradoxe 12 and is in concordance with the possibility to obtain a B-E condensate of photons.…”