A prenucleation strategy for ambient fabrication of perovskite solar cells with high device performance uniformity

Zhang, Kai; Wang, Zheng; Wang, Gaopeng; Wang, Jian; Liu, Yu; Qian, Wei; Zheng, Shizhao; Xiao, Shuang; Yang, Shihe

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14715-0

Cited by 115 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Importantly, there have also been studies which have discussed the benefits of an ambient atmosphere. [58,62] Therefore, in order to further promote the development of PSC technology, there is an urgent need to discuss both the limitations and benefits from an ambient atmosphere when fabricating PSCs without a glovebox.…”

Section: (3 Of 40)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (24 Of 40)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These several steps provide an excellent platform to both protect the perovskite from moisture and better control the nucleation of the perovskite layer. The two most promising approaches are introduced by Cheng et al [227] and Zhang et al [62] where the former uses a bath immersion method and the latter uses multiple spin-coating steps. Importantly, both of these approaches emphasize the importance of complete perovskite crystallization using either assist air-knife techniques, or solvent evaporation control.…”

Section: (27 Of 40)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, they employed a thin layer of cadmium-based quantum dots on the back of the device to convert UV-light to visible wavelengths, where the best PSC obtained an efficiency of 20.7%. Finally, while promising developments have been made with high efficiency p-i-n HTM free PSCs, [62,296,297] most of the proposed methods require a nitrogen filled glovebox for the deposition of the perovskite layer.…”

Section: Hole Transport Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhang et al. [ 62 ] recently suggested that water could promote the formation of lead complexes, which must be controlled to prevent unfavorable and discontinuous perovskite films. This was done in ambient air by obtaining a dense supply of intermediate nuclei using a prenucleation strategy.…”

Section: Approaches For Ambient Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ambient Fabrication of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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Unlike fossil fuels, the sun is an inexhaustible energy source that delivers more energy to the earth in 1 h than the entire planet consumes in one year. Energy can be harvested from the sun using photovoltaics (PV) and stored (e.g., batteries), meaning solar energy can be used as and when required. [3,4] Currently, the commercial PV market is dominated by single-junction crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV which deliver power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of over 26% under 1 Sun illumination (AM 1.5 standard). [5,6] Despite their high efficiencies, the fabrication of c-Si PV is nontrivial and lacks electronic tunability. Furthermore, the record efficiency for c-Si PV is 26.7% [5] which is very close to the theoretical limit of 29.4%. [7] This clearly indicates that c-Si PV is a mature technology and there is limited room for improvement. [8] Over the past two decades, third-generation solar cells such as dye-sensitized solar cells, [9,10] quantum dot solar cells, [11,12] organic solar cells, [13,14] and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) [15,16] have been developed as alternatives to c-Si technologies. Of these third-generation solar cells, single-junction PSCs have generated significant attention due to their intense visible to near-infrared absorptivity, [16-18] long diffusion lengths of the charge carriers, [19,20] high efficiency, [21,22] electronic and physical tunability, [23,24] and low manufacturing costs. [25,26] After the first report by Miyasaka's group in 2009, [27] the PCE for single junction devices increased considerably from 3.8% to 25.2%, [27,28] making it the fastest advancing PV technology to date. This has uniquely placed PSCs as the frontrunner technology to potentially replace or coexist with c-Si PV. The term "perovskite" refers to a group of compounds that share the same lattice structure as calcium titanium oxide (CaTiO 3). All PV perovskite materials have the general chemical formula ABX 3 , as illustrated in Figure 1a. Organic-Inorganic hybrid PSCs are typically made using an organic/ inorganic cation (A = methylammonium (MA) CH 3 NH 3 + , formamidinium (FA) CH 3 (NH 2) 2 + , or cesium), a divalent cation (B = Pb 2+ or Sn 2+) , [29] and an anion (X = Cl − , Br − , or I −), illustrated in Figure 1b. [16,30] A is surrounded by eight lead halide octahedra (B in the center of octahedra) and forms a cubic perovskite structure. When the size of A or/and X is changed, the structure of perovskite will distort. The Goldschmidt tolerance factor (t) [31] of perovskite is an empirical index for Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their high-power conversion efficiency, simple fabrication, and low material cost. However, due to their high sensitivity to moisture and oxygen, high efficiency PSCs are mainly constructed in an inert environment. This has led to significant concerns associated with the long-term stability and manufacturing costs, which are some of the major limitations for the commercialization of this cutting-edge tech...

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Section: (3 Of 40)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (24 Of 40)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (27 Of 40)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hole Transport Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Approaches For Ambient Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ambient Fabrication of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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Phase Aggregation Suppression of Homogeneous Perovskites Processed in Ambient Condition toward Efficient Light‐Emitting Diodes

Liu

Ono

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have attracted attention because of their high efficiencies. However, due to the sensitivity of perovskites to ambient condition, perovskite emitter layers are generally fabricated under an inert gas environment (e.g., dry N2), which increases processing complexity and cost. Here, air‐prepared quasi‐2D perovskites are reported for efficient PeLEDs. It is found that the phase aggregation is the major obstacle deteriorating the characteristics of air‐prepared perovskites. Through antisolvent engineering to modulate the nucleation and growth characteristics of perovskite films from precursor solution, phase aggregations are restrained. Confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy results demonstrate homogeneous perovskite films with uniform photoluminescence distributions. Traps at grain boundaries are passivated, and exciton transfer among perovskite phases becomes effective. Finally, efficient green PeLEDs based on air‐prepared perovskites are realized with an external quantum efficiency of 15.4%. This work provides a promising strategy to fabricate cost‐effective perovskite devices in ambient air condition.

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In Situ Synthesized 2D Covalent Organic Framework Nanosheets Induce Growth of High‐Quality Perovskite Film for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Poor crystallinity of perovskite and extensive defects around grain boundaries are the acknowledged hindrances to obtaining high efficiency and long-term stability for organic metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a 2D covalent organic framework (2D COF) nanosheets, [(TPA) 1 (TPhT) 1 ] CN , is first in situ synthesized in a PbI 2 layer with a highly crystalline structure to precisely regulate the crystallization process of perovskite in the sequential deposition method. The existence of 2D COF nanosheets can decelerate intermolecular interdiffusion and induce perovskite crystals to grow along (110) planes with enlarged grain size. Meanwhile, 2D COF nanosheets distributed around the grain boundaries reduce the defect density and promote carriers transporting in the perovskite film. The superior properties of the perovskite film afford the champion PSC device with a power conversion efficiency of 22.04%, which is over 10% higher than the control device. Moreover, the target PSC also demonstrates outstanding long-term stability. It can maintain over 90% of its initial value after 90 days storage in ambient conditions for unencapsulated devices. This work paves a new path for regulating the crystallization process of perovskites via 2D crystalline materials.

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A prenucleation strategy for ambient fabrication of perovskite solar cells with high device performance uniformity

Cited by 115 publications

References 32 publications

Ambient Fabrication of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells

Ambient Fabrication of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells

Phase Aggregation Suppression of Homogeneous Perovskites Processed in Ambient Condition toward Efficient Light‐Emitting Diodes

In Situ Synthesized 2D Covalent Organic Framework Nanosheets Induce Growth of High‐Quality Perovskite Film for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells

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