A Premature Infant With Neonatal <i>Actinomyces odontolyticus</i> Sepsis

Rueda, Maria S; Hefter, Yosefa; Stone, Brian; Hahn, Andrea; Jantausch, Barbara

doi:10.1093/jpids/piaa121

“…A. odontolyticus is a resident bacterium of the oral cavity (being the main responsible for tooth biofilm formation), pharynx, distal esophagus, and distal urinary tract [1,36]. This pathogen has been reported to cause orocervicofacial [37][38][39], laryngeal [40,41], thoracic [42,43], renal [44,45], and pelvic actinomycosis [46,47], infection of the penile shaft [4], peritonitis [48], cholecystitis [49], liver abscesses [50,51], chronic conjunctivitis [52], spinal and brain abscesses (including meningitis) [53][54][55], foot, finger, arm abscesses [56][57][58], and other soft tissues involvement, such as cutaneous abscesses [59,60], osteomyelitis [61,62], purulent pericarditis [63,64], endocarditis [65], and BSI [66][67][68][69]. Looking at implant-associated infections with the contribution of A. odontolyticus, besides PVGI caused by A. odontolyticus [10,14,16,17], reports exist on endocarditis related to implantable cardioverter defibrillator [70], IUCD-associated pelvic actinomycosis [71,…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actinomyces spp. Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection (PVGI): A Multicenter Case-Series and Narrative Review of the Literature

Del Fabro,

Volpi,

Fumarola

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

0

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Background: Actinomycosis represents a challenging and under-reported complication of vascular surgery. Optimal management of Actinomyces spp. prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is highly uncertain because of the paucity of reports on this disease. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-series of Actinomyces-PVGI that occurred in the last five years in two major university hospitals in northern Italy. We searched for previously published cases in the scientific literature. Results: We report five original cases of Actinomyces spp. prosthetic vascular graft infection following aortic aneurysm repair. Our literature review retrieved eight similar cases. Most patients were immunocompetent males. Most infections were polymicrobial (11/13 cases), with a prevalence of A. odontolyticus involvement (3/13 cases were associated with. Salmonella spp. infection). All cases had a late presentation (≥4 months from graft placement), with 61% associated with an aorto-enteric fistula. All patients received antibiotic therapy, but the duration was highly heterogeneous (from two weeks to life-long antibiotics). The patients without surgical revision experienced septic recurrences (2/13), permanent dysfunction (1/13), or a fatal outcome (2/13), while of the remainder who underwent vascular graft explant, six recovered completely and one developed a periprosthetic abscess. In two cases follow-up was not available. Conclusions: This case-series aims to raise the diagnostic suspicion and to describe the current management of Actinomyces-PVGIs. We highlight a high heterogeneity in antibiotic duration, choice of the antibiotic regimen, and surgical management. Higher reporting rate is advisable to produce better evidence and optimize management of this rare complication of vascular surgery.

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“…Actinomyces are not generally detected in healthy patients 23 . Even though A. odontolyticus infection is relatively common in patients with dental issues, it has been linked to serious diseases, for example, neonatal sepsis 24 or actinomycosis in a pediatric patient 25 as well as in immunosuppressed patients 26 . VZV infection can lead to superinfection of the rash by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes 27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic Analysis of a Throat Swab Sample Collected in China on A Patient Infected With Varicella Zoster Virus

Guo

¹

,

Rivailler

²

,

Wang³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) is endemic worldwide, causing varicella in children and zoster upon reactivation in adults. This study concerned a metagenomic analysis of a throat swab sample collected in China, on a young patient suffering from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and diagnosed with varicella. The complete genome sequence of a VZV strain of clade 2 has been generated. Clade 2 strains are the most prevalent in Asian countries. A comparison of 223 VZV genomes identified 77 clade specific markers, 20 of them specific to clade 2. The metagenomic analysis also identified sequences covering most of the genome of the bacteria Schaalia odontolytica also known as Actinomyces odontolyticus. VZV infection and bacterial infection in the context of SLE is further discussed. Even though the patient presented only mild symptoms, this study is a reminder that vaccination against VZV is critical to avoid severe complications like bacterial superinfection or even death in the case of immunodeficiency.

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Metagenomic analysis of a throat swab sample collected in China on a patient infected with Varicella Zoster Virus

Guo

¹

,

Rivailler

²

,

Wang

³

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

1

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) is endemic worldwide, causing varicella in children and zoster upon reactivation in adults. This study concerned a metagenomic analysis of a throat swab sample collected in China, on a young patient suffering from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and diagnosed with varicella. The complete genome sequence of a VZV strain of clade 2 has been generated. Clade 2 strains are the most prevalent in Asian countries. A comparison of 223 VZV genomes identified 77 clade specific markers, 20 of them specific to clade 2. The metagenomic analysis also identified sequences covering most of the genome of the bacteria Schaalia odontolytica also known as Actinomyces odontolyticus. VZV infection and bacterial infection in the context of SLE is further discussed. Even though the patient presented only mild symptoms, this study is a reminder that vaccination against VZV is critical to avoid severe complications like bacterial superinfection or even death in the case of immunodeficiency.

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A Premature Infant With Neonatal Actinomyces odontolyticus Sepsis

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Actinomyces spp. Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection (PVGI): A Multicenter Case-Series and Narrative Review of the Literature

Actinomyces spp. Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection (PVGI): A Multicenter Case-Series and Narrative Review of the Literature

Metagenomic Analysis of a Throat Swab Sample Collected in China on A Patient Infected With Varicella Zoster Virus

Metagenomic analysis of a throat swab sample collected in China on a patient infected with Varicella Zoster Virus

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