A Preliminary Survey of Antarctic Meltwater and Soil Amoeba

Dillon, Raymond D.; Walsh, Gary L.; Bierle, Donald A.

doi:10.2307/3224223

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Anderson and Rogerson 1995;Anderson, Rogerson, and Hannah 1997;Butler and Rogerson 1996). Among the few studies of Antarctic gymnamoebae, Penard (1911) noted the presence of rhizopod amoebae during the British Antarctic Expedition in 1907-1909. Dillon, Walsh, and Bierle (1968, providing some of the earliest observations, isolated gymnamoebae from meltwater ponds and soil from several locations on Ross Island and the nearby exposed mainland of Antarctica, and identified six genera and eight species from three known families (i.e.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Description of Seven Antarctic Marine Gymnamoebae Including a New Subspecies, Two New Species and a New Genus: Neoparamoeba aestuarina antarctica n. subsp., Platyamoeba oblongata n. sp., Platyamoeba contorta n. sp. and Vermistella antarctica n. gen. n. sp.

Moran

Anderson

Dennett

et al. 2007

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Seven marine gymnamoebae were isolated from different environments of seawater, slush (pack ice meltwater), and sediment in the Ross Sea area of Antarctica. All amoebae were isolated and maintained at temperatures below 4 degrees C. Growth, rate of locomotion, and general morphology were observed at an environmentally appropriate temperature (1 degrees C) and at room temperature (approximately 25 degrees C). Molecular (srDNA sequences) and microscopical techniques were used to identify the gymnamoebae and establish their phylogenetic affinities. Three isolates (S-131-2, SL-200, and W4-3) were assigned to a psychrophilic subspecies of Neoparamoeba aestuarina, N. aestuarina antarctica n. subsp., one isolate (S-205) was assigned to a new species of Platyamoeba, P. oblongata n. sp., two isolates (W51C#4 & W51C#5) were also assigned to a new species of Platyamoeba, P. contorta n. sp., and one isolate (S-241) was a novel psychrophilic gymnamoeba Vermistella antarctica n. gen. n. sp. Molecular and morphological results revealed that V. antarctica was not related to any described family of gymnamoebae. Strains S-205, W51C#4, and W51C#5 were capable of locomotion at room temperature, while strains SL-200, S-131-2, W4-3, and S-241 exhibited locomotion only below approximately 10 degrees C. Our results imply that the Antarctic environment is host both to cosmopolitan gymnamoebae that have acquired adaptations for existence at low environmental temperature and to apparently novel psychrophilic amoebae described here for the first time.

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confidence: 99%

A Description of Seven Antarctic Marine Gymnamoebae Including a New Subspecies, Two New Species and a New Genus: Neoparamoeba aestuarina antarctica n. subsp., Platyamoeba oblongata n. sp., Platyamoeba contorta n. sp. and Vermistella antarctica n. gen. n. sp.

Moran

Anderson

Dennett

et al. 2007

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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“…A number of taxonomic designations for the taxa recovered have changed since the original record was published or were ambiguous. Dillon et al (1968) reported Pelomyxa (or Amoeba) limnicola (a probable misspelling), though a search of the literature failed to find this species. Bovee (1951) proposed to move Amoeba limicola to Pelomyxa limicola, and the latter designation was used in several ecological papers in subsequent decades (Bovee 1965, Dillon et al 1968; however, A. limicola is still considered accepted in online databases (www.itis.gov).…”

Section: Taxonomic Changes and Discrepanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dillon et al (1968) reported Pelomyxa (or Amoeba) limnicola (a probable misspelling), though a search of the literature failed to find this species. Bovee (1951) proposed to move Amoeba limicola to Pelomyxa limicola, and the latter designation was used in several ecological papers in subsequent decades (Bovee 1965, Dillon et al 1968; however, A. limicola is still considered accepted in online databases (www.itis.gov). The numerous species added to the genus Pelomyxa in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were later reduced to a single valid species (Griffin 1988, Whatley & Chapman 1990, Pelomyxa palustris, although no mention of Pelomyxa limicola was made in this move (Goodkov et al 2004).…”

Section: Taxonomic Changes and Discrepanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provisional checklist of terrestrial heterotrophic protists from Antarctica

2019

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Heterotrophic soil protists encompass lineages that are both evolutionarily ancient and highly diverse, providing an untapped wealth of scientific insight. Yet the diversity of free-living heterotrophic terrestrial protists is still largely unknown. To contribute to our understanding of this diversity, we present a checklist of heterotrophic protists currently reported from terrestrial Antarctica, for which no comprehensive evaluation currently exists. As a polar continent, Antarctica is especially susceptible to rising temperatures caused by anthropogenic climate change. Establishing a baseline for future conservation efforts of Antarctic protists is therefore important. We performed a literature search and found 236 taxa identified to species and an additional 303 taxa identified to higher taxonomic levels in 54 studies spanning over 100 years of research. Isolated by distance, climate and the circumpolar vortex, Antarctica is the most extreme continent on Earth: it is not unreasonable to think that it may host physiologically and evolutionarily unique species of protists, yet currently most species discovered in Antarctica are considered cosmopolitan. Additional sampling of the more extreme intra-continental zones will probably result in the discovery of more novel and unique taxa.

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“…Thecamoeba, Vahlkampfia, Hartmannella, Acanthamoeba, or Naegleria) are ubiquitously distributed in natural environments such as soil, river water, pond water, and dust in the air. It is therefore believed that several amoebal species can survive even in extreme environments such as the Arctic or Antarctica (Brown et al 1982;De Jonckheere 2006;Dillon et al 1968;Tyml et al 2016). In fact, some reports identified novel Naegleria spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term survival of Naegleria polaris from Antarctica after 10 years of storage at 4 °C

et al. 2018

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A free-living amoeba, Naegleria is ubiquitously distributed in various natural environments. Since some Naegleria spp. are exclusively distributed in the Arctic and sub-Antarctic regions, we hypothesized that the amoeba may be useful to determine long-term survival of Naegleria in laboratory conditions at 4 °C. The main objective of the study is to determine that a species of an environmental amoebal isolated can live at low temperatures after a long time. Here, we therefore show long-term survival of an amoeba, Naegleria polaris isolated from a sediment sample, which was collected from Antarctica 10 years ago, and since stored at 4 °C. The sample was put on non-nutrient agar plates with heat-killed Escherichia coli, and then the plate was incubated at 4, 15, or 30 °C. Motile amoebae were seen only when the plate was incubated at 15 °C. The sequencing of ribosomal DNA including internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1, 5.8S rDNA, and ITS2 region revealed the amoebae to be N. polaris, which is exclusively distributed in the Arctic and sub-Antarctic regions. Scanning electron microscopic observation showed that no typical sucker-like structure was seen on the surface of N. polaris, but the cysts were similar to those of Naegleria fowleri. Thus, our result shows, for the first time, that N. polaris can survive after 10 years of storage at 4 °C. This finding may help us understand the still undescribed effects of environmental samples on viability of amoebae.

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A Preliminary Survey of Antarctic Meltwater and Soil Amoeba

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

A Description of Seven Antarctic Marine Gymnamoebae Including a New Subspecies, Two New Species and a New Genus: Neoparamoeba aestuarina antarctica n. subsp., Platyamoeba oblongata n. sp., Platyamoeba contorta n. sp. and Vermistella antarctica n. gen. n. sp.

A Description of Seven Antarctic Marine Gymnamoebae Including a New Subspecies, Two New Species and a New Genus: Neoparamoeba aestuarina antarctica n. subsp., Platyamoeba oblongata n. sp., Platyamoeba contorta n. sp. and Vermistella antarctica n. gen. n. sp.

Provisional checklist of terrestrial heterotrophic protists from Antarctica

Long-term survival of Naegleria polaris from Antarctica after 10 years of storage at 4 °C

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