A Preliminary Study of the Utilization of Cu(ii) Modified Liquid Smoke to Inhibit the Activity of White-Rot Fungi (Schizophyllum Commune Fr) in a Pinewood in-Vitro

Abstract

This study aims to examine the possibility of utilizing Cu(II) modified liquid smoke as an antifungal agent against Schizophyllum commune Fr. in a laboratory test. The liquid smoke was obtained through the pyrolysis of oil palm kernel shells at 300°C, 340°C, and 380°C. The analysis of liquid smoke as an antifungal agent was performed using potato dextrose agar (PDA) media and nystatin as positive controls. The white-rot fungi of Schizophyllum commune Fr. were isolated from fungally infected wood and regenerated for 5x24 hours. Observation of the inhibiting zone was done in 24 hours. The results showed that the presence of Cu(II) can increase the inhibiting zone of white rot fungus. The Cu(II)-modified liquid smoke was able to significantly inhibit the growth of white-rot fungi even in low liquid smoke concentrations. The highest inhibiting zone of Schizophyllum commune Fr. was obtained with 3% Cu(II)-modified liquid smoke (obtained from a pyrolysis temperature of 380°C).

Antifungal and larvicidal effects of wood vinegar on wood-destroying fungi and insects

“…In the literature, it has been reported that the wood vinegars of different woods or barks obtained via the pyrolysis process exhibit an antifungal effect (Adfa et al 2020, Oramahi et al 2018, Oramahi and Yoshimura 2013. Faisal et al (2019) used copper to modify palm kernel shell wood vinegar at various concentrations (1 %, 2 % and 3 %). Even at the lowest concentration, they found that the copper-modified wood vinegar significantly inhibited growth of the white-rot fungus Schizophyllum commune Fr.…”

“…Adfa et al (2020) used wood vinegar from Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (CP) wood against Schizophyllum commune white-rot fungus and Fomitopsis palustris brown-rot fungus and found that the wood vinegar had a more toxic effect against the white-rot fungus than againstthe brown-rot fungus, and that the wood vinegar at 0,9 % and 1 % concentrations inhibited the development of both fungal species by 100 %. They stated that the wood vinegar exhibited a good antifungal effect and that there were phenolic compounds released during the lignin degradation.It has been reported in the literaturethat the phenolic and acidic acid compounds in wood vinegar have a significant effect on its antifungal properties (Faisal et al 2019, Sulaiman et al 2005, Velmurugan et al 2009, Yahayu et al 2017.…”

“…Wood vinegar contains mostly acid, phenol, and carbonyl compounds. These compounds show antifungal, biopreservative, antioxidant, and insecticidal effects in addition to their use as flavoring agents (Faisal et al 2019). Because of these properties, wood vinegar offers the opportunity for a wide variety of applications, includingas a sterilizing agent, deodorizer, fertilizer, antimicrobial and plant growth promoting agent, antioxidant, and wood preservative (Mathew and Zakaria 2015, Oramahi and Diba 2013, Toledo 2007, Yahayu et al 2017, Zhai et al 2015.…”

Activity of Bamboo Wulung’s Smoke Gigantochloa atroviolace againts Subterranean Termites and Fungi Attack

“…In hardwood, pyrolysis will produce siringol as the main component, while in softwood, pyrolysis will produce guaiacol and its derivatives reported by Hadi, Nurhayati, Jasni, Yamamoto, & Kamiya (2010). The group of compounds is able to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi and viruses reported by Faisal, Utari, Hayvia, & Maulana (2019). The advantages of this liquid smoke can be produced commercially, while the advantages of distillation are reducing the content of unneeded PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon) compounds such as benzoa pyrene, removing fat and salt reported by Montazeri, Oliveira, Himelbloom, Leigh, & Crapo (2013).…”

Effects of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Composition of Liquid Smoke Derived From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches

“…This pyrolysis produces liquid smoke that can be used for preservatives, biopesticides, and rubber coagulants. [15][16][17] Liquid smoke from the pyrolysis of wood materials contains compounds such as phenol, carbonyl, aldehydes, ketones, acetic acid, propionate, butyrate, and valerate.…”