A Preliminary Study of the Spreading of AKD in the Presence of Capillary Structures

Shen, Wei; Parker, Ian H

doi:10.1006/jcis.2001.7593

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Internal sizing was carried out by adding hydrophobic but reactive sizing agents into the pulp slurry. Internal sizing agents included rosin, alkyl ketene dimer (AKD), and alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA), and so on. In contrast with internal sizing, surface sizing was performed by applying sizing agents on the surface of paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties and paper sizing application of waterborne polyurethanemicroemulsions: Effects of extender, cross‐linker, and polyol

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A series of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) microemulsions were synthesized through self‐emulsification methodology, using toluene‐2,6‐diisocyanate, polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG), poly‐caprolactonediol (PCL), and dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) as monomers; isophorone diamine (IPDA) as chain extender; and aziridine as cross‐linking agent. The resultant WPU microemulsions were utilized as surface‐sizing agents for cellulose fiber paper. The influences of IPDA content, PTMG/PCL molar ratio, and aziridine content on the physicochemical properties of the resultant emulsions and sized paper have been investigated in detail. The WPU microemulsion displayed better surface sizing properties when it was prepared under the following conditions: the IPDA content of 2.96%, PTMG/PCL molar ratio of 0:4, and aziridine content of 2.0 wt %. The relationships between the WPU structure and properties of WPU films and sized paper were clearly illustrated. The mechanical properties and water resistance of sized paper were not only depended on the interactions, chain entanglements, and cross‐linking density among the WPU chains, but also relied on the interactions among polymers and fibers, as well as the polarity and stiffness of surface sizing agent. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43211.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties and paper sizing application of waterborne polyurethanemicroemulsions: Effects of extender, cross‐linker, and polyol

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…As AKD in paper is subjected to moderate heat for curing treatment, it redistributes in the fibre matrix via several possible mechanisms: capillary wicking along fibre gaps (Shen and Parker 2001); vaporization and re-deposition (Zhang et al 2007); fibre wetting by AKD via autophobic precursor (Seppanen et al 2000;Shen and Parker 2001); low-temperature spreading after curing treatment (Shen et al 2003). Among those mechanisms, the capillary wicking and vapour re-deposition are fast redistribution mechanisms, whereas the autophobic precursor and low temperature spreading after curing treatment are very slow mechanisms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in patterned paper sizing for fabrication of paper-based microfluidic sensors

2010

Self Cite

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In this paper, we report the progress in using paper sizing chemistry to fabricate patterned paper for chemical and biological sensing applications. Patterned paper sizing uses paper sizing agents to selectively hydrophobize certain area of a sheet. The hydrophilic-hydrophobic contrast of the pattern so created has an excellent ability to control capillary penetration of aqueous liquids in channels of the pattern. Incorporating this idea with digital ink jet printing technique, a new fabrication method of paper-based microfluidic devices is established. Ink jet printing can deliver biomolecules and chemicals with precision into the microfluidic patterns to form biological/chemical sensing sites within the patterns, forming the complete sensing devices. This study shows the potential of combining paper sizing chemistry and ink jet printing to produce paper-based sensors at low cost and at commercial volume.

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“…4). In the process of applying aroma chemical solution on cotton fabric by pipette, capillary action is the driving force9 for the spontaneous “flowlike” spreading (wicking) of aroma chemical solution in both warp and weft directions of cotton fabric. The liquid movement is expressed in the Lucas–Washburn equation: where t is time; h is the length of the capillary; r is the capillary radius; η is viscosity; γ is the interfacial tension with LV meaning liquid and vapor, respectively; and θ is the contact angle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cotton print cloth is composed of natural cellulose fibers. As confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] the surface of cotton fiber is far from smooth and regular. The shape of cotton fiber is commonly described as a "collapsed tube."…”

Section: Experimental Fabricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic analysis of aroma chemical distribution on fibers. I. cis‐3‐hexenyl salicylate

Liu

Obendorf

Young

et al. 2004

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The distribution of aroma chemical cis-3-hexenyl salicylate, on both longitudinal and cross-sectional fiber directions, was identified through backscattered electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis including X-ray spectrum and X-ray map. Three fibers-cotton, lyocell, and polyester [poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)]-were used as substrates to evaluate the influence of fiber physical/chemical nature on the distribution of cis-3-hexenyl salicylate. It was found that the distribution of cis-3-hexenyl salicylate on the external and internal fiber surfaces correlated strongly with the chemical structure, roughness, and both pore and capillary structure of the textiles. cis-3-Hexenyl salicylate distributed through the whole cotton fiber cross section with higher concentrations in lumen and crenulations, whereas it distributed relatively uniformly in the surface and cross section of lyocell fiber. This is believed to relate to the macroand micropores, macroscopic roughness, and the presence of a larger number of polar groups for these cellulose fibers. In contrast, cis-3-hexenyl salicylate accumulated at a few spots on the fiber surfaces of PET and in interfiber spaces of closely packed fibers, attributed to lower polarity, round cross-sectional shape, smooth surfaces, and fewer voids of the PET fiber structure.

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A Preliminary Study of the Spreading of AKD in the Presence of Capillary Structures

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Properties and paper sizing application of waterborne polyurethanemicroemulsions: Effects of extender, cross‐linker, and polyol

Properties and paper sizing application of waterborne polyurethanemicroemulsions: Effects of extender, cross‐linker, and polyol

Progress in patterned paper sizing for fabrication of paper-based microfluidic sensors

Microscopic analysis of aroma chemical distribution on fibers. I. cis‐3‐hexenyl salicylate

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