A preliminary study of serum IgE against cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (<scp>CCD</scp>) in client‐owned atopic dogs

Levy, Britt J.; DeBoer, Douglas J.

doi:10.1111/vde.12529

Cited by 21 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the first study, which also used the Polycheck assay, the investigators reported the prevalence of anti-CCD IgE in a small group of atopic dogs in the USA and found that 9 of 38 (24%) were positive. 8 As in the present study, the investigators also found that the presence of anti-CCD IgE was associated with positive reactions to pollen allergens. There was no healthy dog population for comparison.…”

Section: Healthy Ccd +supporting

confidence: 83%

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Serum IgE against cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) in healthy and atopic dogs

Piccione

DeBoer

2019

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background -Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) are Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding carbohydrate structures common to plant and insect species. In people, anti-CCD IgE is thought to be clinically irrelevant, but to have the potential to confound serological IgE test interpretations. Previous studies reported the detection of anti-CCD IgE in 24-73% of atopic dog sera; prevalence in healthy dogs has not been reported.Objective -To compare the prevalence of anti-CCD IgE in a group of healthy and atopic dogs.Animals -Sera from 61 healthy dogs and 101 dogs with a clinical diagnosis of atopic dermatitis were analyzed for IgE against CCD.Methods and materials -Sera were analyzed for the presence of anti-CCD IgE and IgE against environmental allergens using a commercial multiplex allergen-specific IgE assay.Results -Anti-CCD IgE was detected in 17 of 101 (16.8%) atopic dog sera and eight of 61 (13.1%) healthy dog sera (P = 0.65, Fisher's exact test). All healthy and atopic dogs with anti-CCD IgE had strong reactivity to grass pollens.Conclusions and clinical importance -A similar prevalence of anti-CCD IgE was found in healthy and atopic dogs. Further investigation is warranted to determine the clinical significance of anti-CCD IgE antibodies in dogs, how they are best detected and if blocking these antibodies during diagnostic testing has clinical value.

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Section: Healthy Ccd +supporting

confidence: 83%

“…In two published studies, 23 and 39% of serum samples from atopic dogs were positive for anti-CCD IgE antibodies, respectively. 8,9 In an additional published abstract, a prevalence of 73% was reported. 10 The authors are unaware of any published studies investigating the prevalence of anti-CCD IgE in healthy dogs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Serum IgE against cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) in healthy and atopic dogs

Piccione

DeBoer

2019

Veterinary Dermatology

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“…This agrees with a finding that grass pollens are more cross‐reactive than tree pollens in man . The potential impact of cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs), which may result in an IgE response and therefore contribute to false positive results, has been linked particularly with grass pollens . A canine study looking at sera from 38 dogs diagnosed with AD, detected anti‐CCD IgE in 24% of those tested .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The potential impact of cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs), which may result in an IgE response and therefore contribute to false positive results, has been linked particularly with grass pollens . A canine study looking at sera from 38 dogs diagnosed with AD, detected anti‐CCD IgE in 24% of those tested . All dogs with anti‐CCD IgE had strong serological reactivity to grass pollens which is in agreement with previous human studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Co‐reactivity between related and unrelated environmental allergens in equine allergen‐specific IgE serology testing in the UK

Forsyth

Halliwell

Harrand

2019

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background -Identification of environmental allergens in horses with allergic disease facilitates allergen avoidance and targeted immunotherapy.Hypothesis/Objectives -To evaluate allergenic co-reactivity between 44 environmental allergens.Animals -Horses with suspected allergic disease (n = 344) whose sera were submitted for environmental allergen testing.Methods and materials -Allergen-specific IgE serological assays were performed using 44 allergens divided into six taxonomically related groups: house dust/storage mites, moulds, insects, grass, tree and weed pollens. Using pairwise comparisons, odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for each environmental pair to determine if there was increased or decreased likelihood of a positive result for one allergen, given a positive result to another. The OR significance was set (using Holm-Bonferroni correction) at P < 0.00006 for all horses (n = 344) and P < 0.00005 for horses with at least one positive reaction (n = 239). Using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc tests (significance at P < 0.05), differences in mean log e ORs between three groups, taxonomically related allergens with a statistically significant association (related-associated), related allergens lacking a significant association (related-nonassociated) and unrelated allergens were tested.Results -Statistically significant associations were found between both related and unrelated allergen pairs, the former being more frequent. For all horses (n = 344) and horses with at least one positive reaction (n = 239), coreactivity ranged from 100% (grasses) to 0% (moulds). The weeds group was exceptional in having more co-reactions with another group (grasses).Conclusions and clinical importance -Co-reactivity was shown within and between certain related allergen groups. Further studies are required to determine whether this is the result of antigenic cross-reactivity.

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“…The pollen antibodies may merely reflect non-specific (or clinically insignificant) upregulation of the allergic dog’s immune system. There are also reports of cross-reactive carbohydrate antibodies to protein-linked carbohydrate antigens in dog serum that may, as in people, be clinically irrelevant because they lead to false elevation and may confound the results of serological testing in dogs (Levy and DeBoer 2018). …”

Section: Testing For Allergensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using ‘allergy tests’ in cases of canine dermatitis

Foster¹

2019

In Practice

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Veterinary clinicians and owners have access to a variety of commercial serological tests that purport to measure immunoglobulin (Ig) E, and in some situations IgG, antibodies to various allergens. However, there is considerable confusion about how to use these tests and a great potential for misusing them and for wasting clients’ money. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of how these tests can be used to help the diagnosis and treatment of allergic skin conditions in dogs.

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A preliminary study of serum IgE against cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) in client‐owned atopic dogs

Cited by 21 publications

References 9 publications

Serum IgE against cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) in healthy and atopic dogs

Serum IgE against cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) in healthy and atopic dogs

Co‐reactivity between related and unrelated environmental allergens in equine allergen‐specific IgE serology testing in the UK

Using ‘allergy tests’ in cases of canine dermatitis

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