A preliminary study of combining mass spectrometric data with audio and video signals for real-time monitoring of controlled lab-scale fires

Statheropoulos, M.; Mikedi, K.; Stavrakakis, P.; Agapiou, Agapios; Karma, S.; Pallis, G.C.; Pappa, A.

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2011.06.071

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The PS minimizes the impact of oxygen or contamination on the MS ion source and analyzer, when sampling from oxidative or highly contaminated environments. Therefore, it is capable to perform near real-time monitoring of rapid dynamic changes in various concentrations, enabling the fast sampling and transfer of a wide range of VOCs (boiling point < 214 °C) to the MS. Further details about the PS-MS can be found in the literature. − The capillary column, used for transferring the gaseous products into the MS, was a 2.15 m long uncoated fused silica of 0.15 mm id (Varian, USA). The transfer line and the pulsed sampling switch of PS-MS were heated at 210 and 200 °C, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A linear calibration curve was estimated for benzene, described by y = 357.25 x + 535.36 ( R 2 = 0.9984), where y is the average abundance and x is the concentration of the gas standards. The MS detection limit (c L ) for online gas monitoring was estimated at 210 ppb v for benzene using the calibration curve and eq : c L normal= 3 normalS normalD BLANK a where SD BLANK is the standard deviation of the MS signal for the blank and a is the slope of the calibration curve.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Vapor Generator That Simulates Transient Odor Emissions of Victims Entrapped in the Voids of Collapsed Buildings

et al. 2014

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The design, development, and validation of a dynamic vapor generator are presented. The generator simulates human scent (odor) emissions from trapped victims in the voids of collapsed buildings. The validation of the device was carried out using a reference detector: a quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with a pulsed sampling (PS-MS) system. A series of experiments were conducted for evaluating the simulator's performance, defining types and weights of different factors, and proposing further optimization of the device. The developed device enabled the production of stable and transient odor profiles in a controllable and reproducible way (relative standard deviation, RSD < 11%) at ppbv to low ppmv concentrations and allowed emission durations up to 30 min. Moreover, the factors affecting its optimum performance (i.e., evaporation chamber temperature, air flow rate through the mixing chamber, air flow rate through the evaporation chamber, and type of compound) were evaluated through an analysis of variance (ANOVA) tool revealing the next steps toward optimizing the generator. The developed simulator, potentially, can also serve the need for calibrating and evaluating the performance of analytical devices (e.g., gas chromatographers, ion mobility spectrometers, mass spectrometers, sensors, e-noses) in the field. Furthermore, it can contribute in better training of urban search and rescue (USaR) canines.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Vapor Generator That Simulates Transient Odor Emissions of Victims Entrapped in the Voids of Collapsed Buildings

et al. 2014

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“…Visible camera Device that forms an image using visible light Video (motion, still); forest fire front expansion; identification of new fire spots; damage of infrastructures; weather assessment; location of people entrapped in fire or smoke; evacuation progress of an area Infrared camera Device that forms an image using infrared radiation (also called thermal camera) Video (motion, still); detecting people and animals at night; detecting lost people in foliage, thick fog or smoke; location of fire spots in smoldering fires Environmental sensors Devices that provide meteorological data such as P, T, RH%, wind speed and direction used for measuring CO 2 and VOCs, such as benzene [28,29].…”

Section: Sensor Principles/applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of unmanned vehicles in search and rescue operations in forest fires: Advantages and limitations observed in a field trial

Karma

Zorba

Pallis

et al. 2015

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction

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A scale-up field experiment for the monitoring of a burning process using chemical, audio, and video sensors

Stavrakakis

Agapiou

Mikedi

et al. 2013

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Fires are becoming more violent and frequent resulting in major economic losses and long-lasting effects on communities and ecosystems; thus, efficient fire monitoring is becoming a necessity. A novel triple multi-sensor approach was developed for monitoring and studying the burning of dry forest fuel in an open field scheduled experiment; chemical, optical, and acoustical sensors were combined to record the fire spread. The results of this integrated field campaign for real-time monitoring of the fire event are presented and discussed. Chemical analysis, despite its limitations, corresponded to the burning process with a minor time delay. Nevertheless, the evolution profile of CO2, CO, NO, and O2 were detected and monitored. The chemical monitoring of smoke components enabled the observing of the different fire phases (flaming, smoldering) based on the emissions identified in each phase. The analysis of fire acoustical signals presented accurate and timely response to the fire event. In the same content, the use of a thermographic camera, for monitoring the biomass burning, was also considerable (both profiles of the intensities of average gray and red component greater than 230) and presented similar promising potentials to audio results. Further work is needed towards integrating sensors signals for automation purposes leading to potential applications in real situations.

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A preliminary study of combining mass spectrometric data with audio and video signals for real-time monitoring of controlled lab-scale fires

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Dynamic Vapor Generator That Simulates Transient Odor Emissions of Victims Entrapped in the Voids of Collapsed Buildings

Dynamic Vapor Generator That Simulates Transient Odor Emissions of Victims Entrapped in the Voids of Collapsed Buildings

Use of unmanned vehicles in search and rescue operations in forest fires: Advantages and limitations observed in a field trial

A scale-up field experiment for the monitoring of a burning process using chemical, audio, and video sensors

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