A preliminary review of bone and teeth abnormalities seen in recent Loxodonta and extinct Mammuthus and Mammut, and suggested implications

Haynes, Gary; Klimowicz, Janis

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.04.001

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Individual ages and pathological skeletal changes were determined by comparison with materials on normal bone morphology and diseases of modern and Pleistocene large mammals, including humans (Logginov, 1890; Chepurov et al, 1955; Laws, 1966; Kovalskiy, 1974; Baryshnikov et al, 1977; Lang, 1980; Haynes, 1991; Rothschild et. al., 1994; Kuzmina and Maschenko, 1999; Lister, 1999; Maschenko, 2002; Rothschild and Martin, 2003; Rothschild and Laub, 2006, 2008; Johnson et al, 2007; Flueck and Smith-Flueck, 2008; Leshchinskiy, 2009, 2012, 2017; Clarke and Goodship, 2010; Lee et al, 2012; Krzemińska, 2014; Haynes and Klimowicz, 2015; Krzemińska and Wędzicha, 2015; Krzemińska et al, 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Volchia Griva mineral oasis as unique locus for research of the mammoth fauna and the late Pleistocene environment in Northern Eurasia

Leshchinskiy

Burkanova

2022

Quat. res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper describes the results of research at Volchia Griva, the largest site in Asia containing mammoth fauna in situ. It is situated in the south of the West Siberian Plain in the Baraba forest-steppe zone, and occupies an area of several hectares. Analysis of sediments and taphonomy of the site allows us to suggest that thousands of megafaunal remains were buried here in mud pits and erosional depressions. The favorable geochemical landscape of Volchia Griva attracted animals during periods of mineral starvation. This is reflected in the high mortality in two intervals, ca. 20–18 14C ka BP and ca. 17–11 14C ka BP. The results of palynological analysis of samples from the upper part of the Volchia Griva section made it possible to reconstruct the history of landscape changes of the Baraba Lowland during the MIS 2. Forb-mesophytic meadows were common at the beginning of this period, with taiga type forests. At ca. 20 14C ka BP, an abrupt and significant aridization of the climate occurred, which led to the degradation of forests. The mammoth steppe was widely developed, dominated by forb-grass association and with areas of alkali meadows and soils. Such conditions existed probably until the mid-Holocene.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Volchia Griva mineral oasis as unique locus for research of the mammoth fauna and the late Pleistocene environment in Northern Eurasia

Leshchinskiy

Burkanova

2022

Quat. res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is important to point out that mammoth vertebrae with holes in the spinous processes have not yet been identified in North America where Pleistocene megafaunal remains are abundant. Moreover, we and other scholars have not found information on the presence of such pathology in other representatives of the mammoth fauna and modern mammals in other parts of the world, except for one case on an African elephant vertebra (Brothwell, 2008;Haynes and Klimowicz, 2015). Therefore, holes in the spinous processes of the vertebrae are a 'hallmark' of the pathoanatomical picture of the order Proboscidea, and its latest representatives from the Late Pleistocene of northern Eurasia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Particular attention in this study was devoted to abnormalities in skeletal remains of the Late Pleistocene megafauna, mainly woolly mammoth. To diagnose individual ages and pathological changes in animals, published sources on normal bone morphology and skeletal system diseases for modern and Pleistocene large mammals, including humans, were used (Logginov, 1890;Rokhlin et al, 1934;Bick and Copel, 1951;Chepurov et al, 1955;Kovalskiy, 1974;Baryshnikov et al, 1977;Nordin, 1997;Kuzmina and Maschenko, 1999;Lister, 1999;Zatsepin, 2001;Maschenko, 2002;Rothschild and Martin, 2003;Laub, 2006, 2008;Haynes and Klimowicz, 2015;Regnault et al, 2017). Our own research and its results were also taken into account (Leshchinskiy, 2006(Leshchinskiy, , 2009(Leshchinskiy, , 2012(Leshchinskiy, , 2015(Leshchinskiy, , 2017.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holes in the spinous processes of woolly mammoth vertebrae: spatial and temporal distribution, and the causes of pathology formation

Leshchinskiy

Kuzmin

Boudin

et al. 2021

J Quaternary Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The latest data on holes in the spinous processes of the vertebrae of woolly mammoths, a rare pathology, are presented. This was identified at 19 sites of northern Eurasia. Such destructive changes are recorded ca. 34–12k 14C a bp, and only two sites dated to >50k and >41k 14C a bp. The main hypotheses about hole formation are: vertebral abnormalities; bone infections; genetic traits; and unfavourable geochemical environment. The pathology occurred in mammoths of all age groups, and could have arisen at the embryonic stage. There are two types: classic holes associated with osteolytic changes; and very rarely tumour‐like lesions. The most likely cause of the lesions is alimentary osteodystrophy caused by chronic mineral starvation. The aetiology of this disease is usually associated with a deficiency or excess of macro‐ and microelements in the geochemical landscape, and through forage and water this leads to a severe metabolic disorder. Analysis of palaeopathological data shows two waves of geochemical stress in animals, ca. 26–18k and ca. 16–12k 14C a bp. Therefore, the woolly mammoth extinction can be viewed as a non‐linear function, with two peaks of high mortality corresponding to the Last Glacial Maximum and the Lateglacial.

show abstract

“…Они сродни формированию не заросших отверстий в остистом отростке позвонка (= «расщепление остистого отростка»), отмеченных неоднократно из разных местонахождений, включая несколько особей севских мамонтов (Wojtal 2001;Maschenko et al 2006;Krzeminska 2008;Leshchinskiy 2009;Krzeminska et al 2015). Прижизненные сросшиеся переломы рёбер, в том числе с формированием ложного сустава, свойственны в не меньшей степени современным хоботным (Haynes and Klimowicz 2015). Подобные случаи возможны у самок в результате изменения обменных процессов в связи с репродуктивным циклом (Kirillova et al 2015b), но встречаются и у самцов.…”

Section: комплексные аберрации на скелете мамонтаunclassified

“…Они показывают разнообразие их морфологии и особенности ин дивидуального развития ряда особей. Часть из приведённых случаев известна у современных слонов (Raubenheimer et al 1989;Colyer 1994;Fagan et al 2001;Haynes and Klimowicz 2015). Некоторые случаи описаны впервые.…”

Section: заключениеunclassified

Aberrant woolly mammoth remains in the collection of the Ice Age Museum

Kirillova¹,

Shidlovskiy²

2018

Proceedings ZIN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The largest private natural history museum dedicated to the last stage of the Cenozoic history of northeastern Russia, the Ice Age Museum stores and studies the remains of fossil and modern Arctic mammals. Its funds include skeletons, isolated bones and teeth. A special place in the collection is occupied by the remains of a mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius (Blumenbach, 1799), with unusual and rarely encountered morphological features. The aberrant specimens are divided into three groups: skeletal remains, bones and teeth. The most expressive of them are characterized. Abnormalities found on the skeleton of a mammoth female from the Taimyr Peninsula (displacement of teeth m2 and m3 transversely to the mandibular bone, lifetime fractures of the ribs and incomplete fusion of the neural arc of the atlas), we attribute to individual characteristics. Growth of thoracic vertebrae tissues due to ligamentos and ostephitos, considerable deformations of cervical and thoracic vertebrae are pathologies that hampered the life of mammoths and led to death. The most frequent of them, according to our materials, is the bend of the posterior part of the crown (varying degrees of intensity) and the development of horizontal furrows parallel to the level of the chewing surface and the lysis of the outer cement as a result of the action of the oral microorganisms. The most frequent deviations in the structure of the buccal teeth, according to our materials, are two: 1) the bend of the posterior part of the crown (varying degrees of intensity); 2) the dissolution lines on the cement of the crown parallel to the chewing surface as a result of the vital activity of microorganisms in the oral cavity. New cases of tusks’ aberrations are described: dentinal clots in the wall of the tusk alveoli and at the base of the tusk, annular constrictions fixing the growth retardation, deviations in the formation of annual cone-shaped increments. The aberrant remains illustrate the life history of a fossil elephant.

show abstract

A preliminary review of bone and teeth abnormalities seen in recent Loxodonta and extinct Mammuthus and Mammut, and suggested implications

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

The Volchia Griva mineral oasis as unique locus for research of the mammoth fauna and the late Pleistocene environment in Northern Eurasia

The Volchia Griva mineral oasis as unique locus for research of the mammoth fauna and the late Pleistocene environment in Northern Eurasia

Holes in the spinous processes of woolly mammoth vertebrae: spatial and temporal distribution, and the causes of pathology formation

Aberrant woolly mammoth remains in the collection of the Ice Age Museum

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About