A preliminary retrospective survey of injuries occurring in dogs participating in canine agility

Levy, I. Martin; Hall, Charles B.; Trentacosta, Natasha; Percival, Monica L.

doi:10.3415/vcot-08-09-0089

Cited by 65 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Shoulder injuries are known to be associated with performance of these tasks [4, 5], however, the results from this study, while insightful, only offer one piece of the puzzle in understanding the mechanisms of injury related to these tasks. Future work investigating the kinematics and ground reaction forces during these strides, and more specifically building link-segment models using these measures, is necessary to help shed light on the injury mechanisms related to these agility tasks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Soft tissue injuries such as strains, sprains and contusions are common in agility; approximately 32% of dog athletes develop an injury [4, 5] and the biomechanical mechanism of injury is often unknown [5]. However, certain activities, such as jumping and climbing the A-frame obstacle, have a higher risk for injury [4, 5]. The shoulder has been identified in two recent retrospective surveys as the most frequently injured anatomical location [4, 5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, certain activities, such as jumping and climbing the A-frame obstacle, have a higher risk for injury [4, 5]. The shoulder has been identified in two recent retrospective surveys as the most frequently injured anatomical location [4, 5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The magnitude of muscular activation of four canine forelimb muscles in dogs performing two agility-specific tasks

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to measure the muscular activation in four forelimb muscles while dogs performed agility tasks (i.e., jumping and A-frame) and to provide insight into potential relationships between level of muscular activation and risk of injury. Muscle activation in eight healthy, client-owned agility dogs was measured using ultrasound-guided fine-wire electromyography of four specific forelimb muscles: Biceps Brachii, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, and Triceps Brachii – Long Head, while dogs performed a two jump sequence and while dogs ascended and descended an A-frame obstacle at two different competition heights.ResultsThe peak muscle activations during these agility tasks were between 1.7 and 10.6 fold greater than walking. Jumping required higher levels of muscle activation compared to ascending and descending an A-frame, for all muscles of interest. There was no significant difference in muscle activation between the two A-frame heights.ConclusionsCompared to walking, all of the muscles were activated at high levels during the agility tasks and our findings indicate that jumping is an especially demanding activity for dogs in agility. This information is broadly relevant to understanding the pathophysiology of forelimb injuries related to canine athletic activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The magnitude of muscular activation of four canine forelimb muscles in dogs performing two agility-specific tasks

et al. 2016

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“…Muscle fatigue due to oxidant stress may be a contributing factor to joint injuries, at least in humans [23,24]. Whether oxidant stress plays a role in injury to dogs during agility competition with repeated runs through a course in a single day remains unknown, however determining the level of oxidant stress that develops over time and the length of time before isoprostane production returns to pre-exercise levels in actual agility competition (rather than simulated as reported here) may be warranted based upon the results of this study and the high incidence of injury following participation in this activity [2]. Collection of urine at more precise time points following the agility exercise may have altered the results in our study by reducing variability between the subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The percentage of dogs injured during agility exercise is estimated at 33% [2]. With such a high rate of injury, determining the effects of this type of exercise on the physiologic responses of dogs including the degree of oxidant stress and eicosanoid production induced by this exercise, is important to understanding why injury rates are so high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of agility exercise on eicosanoid excretion, oxidant status, and plasma lactate in dogs

Baltzer

Firshman²,

Stang

et al. 2012

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundThe objective was to determine the effects of agility exercise on dogs of different skill levels with respect to urinary eicosanoids, urinary 15F2t-isoprostane (lipid peroxidation marker) and hematological/biochemical changes in plasma. Fifteen adult dogs had blood and urine samples obtained prior to, immediately and 4-hours following an agility exercise.ResultsHematocrit, red blood cells (RBC), albumin, and hemoglobin increased following exercise, with greatest increases correlating to increased skill group (novice, intermediate, masters); at 4-hours post-exercise, hematocrit, RBC, and hemoglobin were decreased. Phosphorus increased following exercise with the greatest increase in novice and intermediates. Plasma lactate increased 3.6-fold in masters, 3.2-fold in intermediates, and 1.2-fold in novice dogs. Urine thromboxane B2 (TXB2) more than tripled 4-hours post-exercise while 6-keto prostaglandin F1α (PGF1α, prostacyclin metabolite), prostaglandin E2 metabolites (13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin A2 and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin E2), and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F2α were unaffected as determined by a competitive enzyme immunoassay and standardized by division with urine creatinine. Urine 15F2t-isoprostane increased insignificantly.ConclusionsAlterations in the plasma post-exercise were likely due to hemoconcentration from insensible water loss, splenic contraction and sympathetic stimulation while 4-hours later autohemodilution reduced RBC parameters. Elevations in plasma lactate and urinary TXB2 correlated with advanced skill level/speed of the dogs.

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Emergency Medical Considerations in Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation

Otto¹,

Brown²

2013

Canine Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation

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A preliminary retrospective survey of injuries occurring in dogs participating in canine agility

Abstract: For the first time, this study gives us insight into injuries occurring in dogs participating in canine agility. This will help direct prospective studies that evaluate the safety of individual obstacles, direct rule changes and enable practitioners to understand the risks of the sport.

Cited by 65 publications

References 4 publications

The magnitude of muscular activation of four canine forelimb muscles in dogs performing two agility-specific tasks

The magnitude of muscular activation of four canine forelimb muscles in dogs performing two agility-specific tasks

The effect of agility exercise on eicosanoid excretion, oxidant status, and plasma lactate in dogs

Emergency Medical Considerations in Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation

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