A preliminary report on the use of transfer factor for treating stage D3 hormone-unresponsive metastatic prostate cancer

Pizza, G; Vinci, Caterina De; Cuzzocrea, D; Menniti, D; Aiello, Ernesto Alejandro; P, Maver; Corrado, G.; Romagnoli, Pablo A.; Dragoni, Ennio; Loconte, G; Riolo, U; Palareti, Aldopaolo; Zucchelli, P; Fornarola, V.; Viza, D.

doi:10.1007/bf02628669

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…15 However, in new trials, TF may not be easy to use since its production is not standardized and its effects have been challenged. Indeed, TF is considered by many to be too unreliable for treatment, despite hundreds of reports proving its efficacy in treating not only cancer but also viral, fungal and parasitic diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunotherapy of metastatic kidney cancer

et al. 2001

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, 122 MRCC patients were treated by monthly intralymphatic injections (containing a mean of 573 IL-2 U and 26 ؋ 10 6 LAK cells) and i.m. administration of IFN and TF; 71 patients also received a 3-day cycle of monthly IL-2 inhalations with a mean of 998 daily U. MRCC cases not treated by immunotherapy (n ‫؍‬ 89) represent our historical controls. Adverse clinical side effects related to treatment were negligible. CR (n ‫؍‬ 11) and PR (n ‫؍‬ 13) were noticed in 24/122 patients. Of 24 responding patients, 17 resumed progression, whereas 7 remain in remission 11-69 months later. The overall median survival of treated patients (28 months) was 3.5-fold higher than the median survival of historical controls (7.5 months), and a Kaplan-Meier curve showed 25% survival 11 years after the beginning of immunotherapy. Apparently, the addition of IL-2 by inhalation improved survival. The present immunotherapy protocol appears to be efficacious, safe, devoid of adverse side effects, far less costly than others and able to offer a good quality of life to MRCC patients; if confirmed in a multicenter trial, it could set the basis for developing lowdose immunomodulatory treatments. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: immunotherapy; IL-2; lymphokine-activated killer cells; metastasis; transfer factor; interferon; renal cancerThe most promising systemic therapy for MRCC is immunotherapy with IL-2. 1 The original observations by Rosenberg et al., 2 using i.v. administration of high-dose rIL-2 and LAK in MRCC patients showed encouraging clinical response rates and longlasting remissions. These results have prompted many clinical trials using various administration routes: i.v. both in bolus and continuous or s.c. in combination or not with IFN and/or chemotherapeutic agents. In 1,411 MRCC patients, the overall rate of response was 20%. 3,4 Nonetheless, despite the lowering of the IL-2 dosage and the decrease of the 4% fatal outcome of the initial studies, thanks to the improved selection of patients and the clinical experience acquired, 5,6 the persistence of more often than not severely adverse clinical side effects remains the most important hindrance for the wide use of IL-2.Hence, being aware of the risk from a high IL-2 dose and of its ability to activate, at low doses, tumor mass rejection, 7-9 we attempted to develop alternative protocols. An observation made in 1 MRCC patient, in whom injection of a metastasis with IL-2 and LAK cells was followed by regression not only of the treated tumor but also of several other abdominal lymph node metastases, prompted us to further investigate the low-dose effect using the intralymphatic route. Following intratumor low-dose injections of IL-2 into infiltrating bladder cancers or lymph node metastases of MRCC patients, both the injected and the non-injected distant metastases often disappeared. 7,8 Thus, by administering very low doses of IL-2 and LAK cells into the lymphatic vessels of the foot, we observed encouraging clinical results with minimal side effects. 10,11 To boost the overall ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TF injections. In our institution, TF is currently used as an adjuvant treatment of certain tumors, i.e., non-small-cell lung cancer 14a and hormoneunresponsive prostate cancer, 15 with promising clinical results.…”

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confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy of metastatic kidney cancer

et al. 2001

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“…Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract (DLE) has been used for the treatment of many inflammatory diseases, like osteoarthritis [8], autoimmune [9], bacterial [10], and viral [11] diseases among others. Pizza et al in 1996 showed that DLE promoted cancer remissions and increased the survival of prostatic cancer patients [12]. Here, we report using a modified Experimental Autoimmune Prostatitis model [13], the effects of DLE treatment in autoimmune prostatitis through histopathological analysis, the detection of prostatein by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and immunohistochemical staining for anti- and proinflammatory cytokines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract in Autoimmune Prostatitis: Evaluation in Animal Model

Pérez-Alvarado

Gómez

Reyes

et al. 2017

BioMed Research International

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Objective. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract (DLE) in a murine model of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). Methods. Histopathological characterization, prostatein Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, and immunohistochemical analysis for CD45, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-4 molecules were done in prostatic Wistar rats treated with DLE, placebo, or Dexamethasone. Results. Histopathological analysis of animals induced to prostatitis showed inflammatory infiltrate, mainly constituted by leucocytes and mast cells as well as Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Serum prostatein concentrations were 14 times higher than those displayed by healthy animals. After DLE and Dexamethasone treatments, the inflammatory infiltrate decreased; the tissue morphology was similar to that of a normal prostate, and the prostatein decreased to the basal levels of healthy animals. DLE treatment produced a decreased expression of the cell surface marker CD45 and the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-17. On the other hand, the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 increased in both the Dexamethasone and DLE groups. Conclusion. DLE is able to modulate the inflammatory response in Experimental Autoimmune Prostatitis (EAP).

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“…Pizza et al [45] conducted a follow-up investigation, ranging from 1 to 9 years. They were treated with TF 50 patients with prostate cancer unresponsive to conventional therapy.…”

Section: Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy with Dialyzable Leukocyte Extracts Containing Transfer Factor

Arnaudov¹

2017

Immunotherapy - Myths, Reality, Ideas, Future

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Dialyzable leukocyte extracts (DLE) are complexes consisting of a large number of low molecular weight substances. These extracts possess immunomodulatory properties, which are mainly attributed to small peptides with molecular weight of 3.5-6.0 kDa called "transfer factor." This chapter reviews the nature and immunological characteristics of DLE containing transfer factor (TF), their mechanism of action and the possible uses as immunomodulators in human and veterinary medicine. A main advantage of TF-preparations as immunotherapeutic agents is that they induce a rapid immune response against the pathogen (within 24 h) and thereby reduce the time for the patient immune response by 9-13 days. The low level of difficulty of the process of obtaining protocols determines their relatively low cost and the possibility to combine them with other therapeutic agents during treatment makes them subject to medical applications in the future, including against some new diseases.

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A preliminary report on the use of transfer factor for treating stage D3 hormone-unresponsive metastatic prostate cancer

Cited by 19 publications

References 24 publications

Immunotherapy of metastatic kidney cancer

Immunotherapy of metastatic kidney cancer

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract in Autoimmune Prostatitis: Evaluation in Animal Model

Immunotherapy with Dialyzable Leukocyte Extracts Containing Transfer Factor

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