A preliminary investigation into the use of biosensors to screen stomach contents for selected poisons and drugs

Redshaw, Natalie A.; Dickson, Stuart; Ambrose, Vikki; Horswell, Jacqui

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.12.012

Cited by 16 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…On the long run, the use of effect-related analytical techniques might completely change the way such analyses are performed. The application of biosensors have been shown already for the examination of stomach content [162], however not in an effect-related setup.…”

Section: Current and Potential Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Unifying Review of Bioassay-Guided Fractionation, Effect-Directed Analysis and Related Techniques

Weller

2012

Sensors

140

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Abstract:The success of modern methods in analytical chemistry sometimes obscures the problem that the ever increasing amount of analytical data does not necessarily give more insight of practical relevance. As alternative approaches, toxicity-and bioactivity-based assays can deliver valuable information about biological effects of complex materials in humans, other species or even ecosystems. However, the observed effects often cannot be clearly assigned to specific chemical compounds. In these cases, the establishment of an unambiguous cause-effect relationship is not possible. Effect-directed analysis tries to interconnect instrumental analytical techniques with a biological/biochemical entity, which identifies or isolates substances of biological relevance. Successful application has been demonstrated in many fields, either as proof-of-principle studies or even for complex samples. This review discusses the different approaches, advantages and limitations and finally shows some practical examples. The broad emergence of effect-directed analytical concepts might lead to a true paradigm shift in analytical chemistry, away from ever growing lists of chemical compounds. The connection of biological effects with the identification and quantification of molecular entities leads to relevant answers to many real life questions.

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Section: Current and Potential Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Unifying Review of Bioassay-Guided Fractionation, Effect-Directed Analysis and Related Techniques

Weller

2012

Sensors

140

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“…A culture of STM-lux (Redshaw et al 2007) was grown in 10 ml of Luria-Bertani (LB) broth (10 g tryptone, 5 g yeast extract, 10 g NaCl, 1 l distilled water) supplemented with 50 lg ml )1 of kanamycin (PS; Gibco, Invitrogen Corp.) and 12AE5 lg ml )1 of tetracyclin (PS; Gibco, Invitrogen Corp.) in a 20-ml thin-walled universal bottle shaken at 180 rev min )1 at 25°C until a cell concentration of 10 8 colony-forming units (CFU) ml )1 was obtained (OD of 0AE8, 550 nm). The cultures were then centrifuged at 7550 g for 1 min, washed twice in 1 ⁄ 4 -strength Ringer's solutions (Oxoid Ltd, Basingstoke Hampshire, UK) and concentrated threefold by re-suspension in 3 ml Ringer's.…”

Section: Preparation Of Bacterial and Virus Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To try to overcome these difficulties, we spiked sewage sludge with a STM‐ lux , a Salm. Typhimurium strain containing the bioluminescence gene set ‘ lux ’ from the marine bacterium Vibrio fisheri (Redshaw et al. 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To try to overcome these difficulties, we spiked sewage sludge with a STM-lux, a Salm. Typhimurium strain containing the bioluminescence gene set 'lux' from the marine bacterium Vibrio fisheri (Redshaw et al 2007). The reporter system is plasmid based and allows for easy identification of the bacterial cells by their bioluminescent or fluorescent phenotypes, without need for further identification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mobility and survival of Salmonella Typhimurium and human adenovirus from spiked sewage sludge applied to soil columns

Horswell¹,

Hewitt²,

Prosser³

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: This study investigated the survival and transport of sewage sludge‐borne pathogenic organisms in soils. Methods and Results: Undisturbed soil cores were treated with Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar Typhimurium‐lux (STM‐lux) and human adenovirus (HAdV)‐spiked sewage sludge. Following an artificial rainfall event, these pathogens were analysed in the leachate and soil sampled from different depths (0–5 cm, 5–10 cm and 10–20 cm) after 24 h, 1 and 2 months. Significantly more STM‐lux and HAdV leached through the soil cores when sewage sludge was present. Significantly more STM‐lux were found at all soil depths, at all time periods in the sewage sludge treatments, compared to the controls. The rate of decline of STM‐lux in the controls was more rapid than in the sewage sludge treatments. Survival and transport of HAdV were minimal. Conclusions: The presence of sewage sludge can significantly influence the transport and survival of bacterial pathogens in soils, probably because of the presence of organic matter. Environmental contamination by virus is unlikely because of strong soil adsorption. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study suggests that groundwater contamination from vertical movement of pathogens is a potential risk and that it highlights the importance of the treatment requirements for biosolids prior to their application to land.

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“…These systems are based on use of the luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri to measure the toxicity of environmental samples. Furthermore, Escherichia coli has been genetically modified with lightproducing genes and, under normal conditions, give out visible light (bioluminescence) [5,6]. Young et al [4] investigated the effect of PCP on two isozymes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and found that detection limits can be significantly reduced by modification of enzyme inhibition assays with a non-optimum cofactor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus subtilis as a bioindicator for estimating pentachlorophenol toxicity and concentration

Ayude

Okada

Gonzalez

et al. 2009

J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol

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Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and its sodium salt (Na-PCP) are extremely toxic chemicals responsible for important soil and groundwater pollution, mainly caused by wastes from wood-treatment plants, because chlorinated phenols are widely used as wood preservatives. The methods most commonly used for routine analysis of pesticides such as PCP and Na-PCP are high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). A variety of rapid biological screening tests using marine organisms, bioluminescent bacteria, and enzymes have also been reported. In this study, rapid biological screening analysis using Bacillus subtilis was developed, to assess the biodegradation of PCP and its by-products in liquid samples. An empirical model is proposed for spectrophotometric analysis of Na-PCP concentration after growth of Bacillus subtilis.

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A preliminary investigation into the use of biosensors to screen stomach contents for selected poisons and drugs

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

A Unifying Review of Bioassay-Guided Fractionation, Effect-Directed Analysis and Related Techniques

A Unifying Review of Bioassay-Guided Fractionation, Effect-Directed Analysis and Related Techniques

Mobility and survival of Salmonella Typhimurium and human adenovirus from spiked sewage sludge applied to soil columns

Bacillus subtilis as a bioindicator for estimating pentachlorophenol toxicity and concentration

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