A preliminary approach based on numerical simulations for the design of a PWV-Varying arterial simulator

Fuiano, Fabio; Fiori, Giorgia; Scorza, Andrea; Schmid, Maurizio; Conforto, Silvia; Sciuto, Salvatore Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.measen.2021.100240

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The pulse wave simulator designed in this study simulates cardiovascular circulation in vitro. The design uses elastic tubes embedded in a pulse simulator model to simulate the physiological phenomenon of pulse wave transit during human circulation [17]. The physiological principle of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is determined by peripheral vascular resistance; in contrast, systolic blood pressure (SBP) is directly determined by left ventricular ejection, arterial stiffness, and pulse wave reflection.…”

Section: Design Of Hemodynamic Simulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hemodynamic Pulse Wave Simulator Designed for Calibration of Local Pulse Wave Velocities Measurement for Cuffless Techniques

Guo¹,

Perng

Chen³

et al. 2023

Micromachines

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Objective: Devices for cuffless blood pressure (BP) measurement have become increasingly widespread in recent years. Non-invasive continuous BP monitor (BPM) devices can diagnose potential hypertensive patients at an early stage; however, these cuffless BPMs require more reliable pulse wave simulation equipment and verification methods. Therefore, we propose a device to simulate human pulse wave signals that can test the accuracy of cuffless BPM devices using pulse wave velocity (PWV). Methods: We design and develop a simulator capable of simulating human pulse waves comprising an electromechanical system to simulate the circulatory system and an arm model-embedded arterial phantom. These parts form a pulse wave simulator with hemodynamic characteristics. We use a cuffless device for measuring local PWV as the device under test to measure the PWV of the pulse wave simulator. We then use a hemodynamic model to fit the cuffless BPM and pulse wave simulator results; this model can rapidly calibrate the cuffless BPM’s hemodynamic measurement performance. Results: We first used multiple linear regression (MLR) to generate a cuffless BPM calibration model and then investigated differences between the measured PWV with and without MLR model calibration. The mean absolute error of the studied cuffless BPM without the MLR model is 0.77 m/s, which improves to 0.06 m/s when using the model for calibration. The measurement error of the cuffless BPM at BPs of 100–180 mmHg is 1.7–5.99 mmHg before calibration, which decreases to 0.14–0.48 mmHg after calibration. Conclusion: This study proposes a design of a pulse wave simulator based on hemodynamic characteristics and provides a standard performance verification method for cuffless BPMs that requires only MLR modeling on the cuffless BPM and pulse wave simulator. The pulse wave simulator proposed in this study can be used to quantitively assess the performance of cuffless BPMs. The proposed pulse wave simulator is suitable for mass production for the verification of cuffless BPMs. As cuffless BPMs become increasingly widespread, this study can provide performance testing standards for cuffless devices.

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Section: Design Of Hemodynamic Simulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hemodynamic Pulse Wave Simulator Designed for Calibration of Local Pulse Wave Velocities Measurement for Cuffless Techniques

Guo¹,

Perng

Chen³

et al. 2023

Micromachines

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“…The experimental setup previously developed in [31] was adopted in this study for PWV measurements. The operating principle of such a simulator is based on the mathematical model investigated in [21,38]. The components constituting the setup, shown in Figure 1, are the following:…”

Section: Parameter Characteristicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent literature, Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) has been extensively used for the uncertainty evaluation of measurements carried out through software-based methods [38,41,44,46]. Two different MCS series were carried out for the uncertainty evaluation related to the estimation of FAV and PWV on the Doppler phantom and the arterial simulator, respectively.…”

Section: Monte Carlo Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Equivalent Time Sampling-Based Method for Pulse Transit Time Estimation with Applications into the Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis

Fiori

Fuiano

Conforto

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The increasing incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is reflected in additional costs for healthcare systems all over the world. To date, pulse transit time (PTT) is considered a key index of cardiovascular health status and for diagnosis of CVDs. In this context, the present study focuses on a novel image analysis-based method for PTT estimation through the application of equivalent time sampling. The method, which post-processes color Doppler videos, was tested on two different setups: a Doppler flow phantom set in pulsatile mode and an in-house arterial simulator. In the former, the Doppler shift was due to the echogenic properties of the blood mimicking fluid only, since the phantom vessels are non-compliant. In the latter, the Doppler signal relied on the wall movement of compliant vessels in which a fluid with low echogenic properties was pumped. Therefore, the two setups allowed the measurement of the flow average velocity (FAV) and the pulse wave velocity (PWV), respectively. Data were collected through an ultrasound diagnostic system equipped with a phased array probe. Experimental outcomes confirm that the proposed method can represent an alternative tool for the local measurement of both FAV in non-compliant vessels and PWV in compliant vessels filled with low echogenic fluids.

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“…In this work, to simulate the transit of a pulse wave through two different sites on an AS, a couple of waveforms (y1,o and y2,o) have been independently generated in a MATLAB environment, considering that the maximum amplitude of the second one has been reduced by 50% compared to the first one to take into account the losses along the vessel. In this study, it is assumed that there is no significant change in the frequency content between the two waveforms: in fact, the two measurement sites are considered to be close to each other, e.g., tens of centimeters [12]. The main specifications of both generated waveforms are listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preliminary Comparison of Three Methods for the Assessment of Pulse Wave Transit Time in an Arterial Simulator

Filippi,

Fiori,

Bocchetta

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 26th IMEKO TC4 International Symposium and 24th International Workshop on ADC/DAC Modelling and Testing

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Arterial simulators are useful tools to reproduce the Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) behavior depending on vessel characteristics. This quantity is related to the Pulse Transit Time (PTT), i.e., the time interval required for the pulse wave to travel between two sites in a vessel. In the literature, there is a lack of comparison of PTT evaluation methods from signals acquired through arterial simulators. In the present study, three PTT estimation methods (peak-to-peak, tangent-secant and cross-correlation) have been applied to two signals simulating the pressure wave traveling in an Arterial Surrogate (AS) over time. Tests have been repeated for different imposed delays between the generated waveforms. From the obtained results, the cross-correlation method showed the lowest discrepancy values between estimated and imposed time delay.

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A preliminary approach based on numerical simulations for the design of a PWV-Varying arterial simulator

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

A Hemodynamic Pulse Wave Simulator Designed for Calibration of Local Pulse Wave Velocities Measurement for Cuffless Techniques

A Hemodynamic Pulse Wave Simulator Designed for Calibration of Local Pulse Wave Velocities Measurement for Cuffless Techniques

A Novel Equivalent Time Sampling-Based Method for Pulse Transit Time Estimation with Applications into the Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis

A Preliminary Comparison of Three Methods for the Assessment of Pulse Wave Transit Time in an Arterial Simulator

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