A Preferential Growth Channel for Supermassive Black Holes in Elliptical Galaxies at z ≲ 2

Farrah, D.; Petty, Sara; Croker, Kevin S.; Tarlè, G.; Zevin, M.; Hatziminaoglou, E.; Shankar, Francesco; Wang, Lingyu; Clements, D. L.; Efstathiou, A.; Lacy, Mark; Nishimura, K.; Afonso, J.; Pearson, Chris; Pitchford, Lura K

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acac2e

Cited by 30 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…Our result provides a single-channel explanation for the disparity in SMBH masses between local ellipticals and their 7-10 Gyr antecedents (Farrah et al 2023). Furthermore, the recovered value of k ∼ 3 is consistent with SMBHs having vacuum energy interiors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Further validation of the measured preferential growth of SMBHs by Farrah et al (2023) is an essential test of our proposal. This can be done by: deepening understanding of the relevant biases, improving morphological determinations of the high-redshift samples, testing combinations of traditional assembly pathways in simulations, and improving the accuracy of SMBH and stellar mass measures.…”

Section: Validation Of Preferential Growth Of Smbhsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…We consider five high-redshift samples, and one local sample, of elliptical galaxies given by Farrah et al (2023) respectively), and one from the COSMOS field (at  z 1.6 =…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To compute the posterior distributions in k for each combination, we apply the pipeline developed by Farrah et al (2023), which we briefly summarize. Realizations of each galaxy sample are drawn from the sample with its reported uncertainties.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, we perform a direct test of BH mass growth due to cosmological coupling. A recent study by Farrah et al (2023) compares the BH masses M BH and host galaxy stellar masses M * of "red-sequence" elliptical galaxies over 6-9 Gyr, from the current epoch back to z ∼ 2.7. The study finds that the BHs increase in mass over this time period by a factor of 8-20× relative to the stellar mass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observational Evidence for Cosmological Coupling of Black Holes and its Implications for an Astrophysical Source of Dark Energy

Farrah

Croker

Zevin

et al. 2023

ApJL

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Observations have found black holes spanning 10 orders of magnitude in mass across most of cosmic history. The Kerr black hole solution is, however, provisional as its behavior at infinity is incompatible with an expanding universe. Black hole models with realistic behavior at infinity predict that the gravitating mass of a black hole can increase with the expansion of the universe independently of accretion or mergers, in a manner that depends on the black hole’s interior solution. We test this prediction by considering the growth of supermassive black holes in elliptical galaxies over 0 < z ≲ 2.5. We find evidence for cosmologically coupled mass growth among these black holes, with zero cosmological coupling excluded at 99.98% confidence. The redshift dependence of the mass growth implies that, at z ≲ 7, black holes contribute an effectively constant cosmological energy density to Friedmann’s equations. The continuity equation then requires that black holes contribute cosmologically as vacuum energy. We further show that black hole production from the cosmic star formation history gives the value of ΩΛ measured by Planck while being consistent with constraints from massive compact halo objects. We thus propose that stellar remnant black holes are the astrophysical origin of dark energy, explaining the onset of accelerating expansion at z ∼ 0.7.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Validation Of Preferential Growth Of Smbhsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…We consider five high-redshift samples, and one local sample, of elliptical galaxies given by Farrah et al (2023) respectively), and one from the COSMOS field (at  z 1.6 =…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observational Evidence for Cosmological Coupling of Black Holes and its Implications for an Astrophysical Source of Dark Energy

Farrah

Croker

Zevin

et al. 2023

ApJL

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Black holes as the source of dark energy: A stringent test with high-redshift JWST AGNs

Lei,

Zu,

Yuan

et al. 2024

Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron.

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Outflows in the gaseous disks of active galaxies and their impact on black hole scaling relations

Menci¹,

Fiore²,

Shankar³

et al. 2023

A&A

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To solve the still unsolved and fundamental problem of the role of active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback in the shaping of galaxies, we implement eda new physical treatment of AGN-driven winds into our semi-analytic model of galaxy formation. With each galaxy in our model, we associated solutions for the outflow expansion and the mass outflow rates in different directions, depending on the AGN luminosity, on the circular velocity of the host halo and on the gas content of the considered galaxy. We also assigned an effective radius to each galaxy that we derived from energy conservation during merger events, and a stellar velocity dispersion that we self-consistently computed via Jeans modeling. We derived all the main scaling relations between the black hole (BH) mass and the stellar mass of the host galaxy and of the bulge, the velocity dispersion, the host halo dark matter mass, and the star formation efficiency. We find that our improved AGN feedback mostly controls the dispersion around the relations, but it plays a subdominant role in shaping slopes and/or normalizations of the scaling relations. The models agree better with the available data when possible limited-resolution selection biases are included. The model does not indicate that any more fundamental galactic property is linked to BH mass. The velocity dispersion plays a similar role as stellar mass, which disagrees with current data. In line with other independent studies carried out on comprehensive semi-analytic and hydrodynamic galaxy-BH evolution models, our current results signal either that the current cosmological models of galaxy formation are inadequate in their reproduction of the local scaling relations in terms of both shape and residuals, and/or they indicate that the local sample of dynamically measured BHs is only incompletely known.

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A Preferential Growth Channel for Supermassive Black Holes in Elliptical Galaxies at z ≲ 2

Cited by 30 publications

References 170 publications

Observational Evidence for Cosmological Coupling of Black Holes and its Implications for an Astrophysical Source of Dark Energy

Observational Evidence for Cosmological Coupling of Black Holes and its Implications for an Astrophysical Source of Dark Energy

Black holes as the source of dark energy: A stringent test with high-redshift JWST AGNs

Outflows in the gaseous disks of active galaxies and their impact on black hole scaling relations

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