A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for European Paternal Lineages

Balaresque, Patricia; Bowden, Georgina R.; Adams, Susan M.; Leung, Ho Yee; King, Turi; Rosser, Zoë H.; Goodwin, Jane; Moisan, Jean-Claude; Richard, Christelle; Millward, Ann; Demaine, Andrew G.; Barbujani, Guido; Previderé, Carlo; Wilson, I. J.; Tyler‐Smith, Chris; Jobling, Mark A.

doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000285

Cited by 194 publications

(183 citation statements)

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“…The variance of these microsatellite data in the African continent (present study and Cruciani et al 7 ) was also analysed for the V88 marker (Table 2) because the diversity of each lineage reflects its age. 41 As observed in Table 2, a higher value of average variance can be observed in the sample from Equatorial Guinea, indicating an ancient origin for these lineages. Furthermore, the highest variance values were found in the Equatorial Guinea population for four out of the seven markers analysed.…”

Section: Characterisation Of the Male Lineages Of Equatorial Guineamentioning

confidence: 65%

“…[5][6][7]29,30 This haplogroup is thought to have originated in Central Asia approximately 40 000 years BP and then migrated westward into Europe, achieving its highest frequencies in the western region of this continent. 39,40 Although Balaresque et al 41 proposed the hypothesis of a European spread of haplogroup R1b1b2-M269 during the Neolithic, the distribution of the M269 sub-haplogroups and their Y-STR diversities proved to be compatible with a pre-Neolithic diffusion of M269 in Europe. 42,43 The reported high frequencies of this haplogroup in Central-West Africa led to the proposal of a 'back to Africa' migration as the justification for the otherwise unexpected presence of this haplogroup in the region.…”

Section: Characterisation Of the Male Lineages Of Equatorial Guineamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The genetic landscape of Equatorial Guinea and the origin and migration routes of the Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88

et al. 2012

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Human Y chromosomes belonging to the haplogroup R1b1-P25, although very common in Europe, are usually rare in Africa. However, recently published studies have reported high frequencies of this haplogroup in the central-western region of the African continent and proposed that this represents a 'back-to-Africa' migration during prehistoric times. To obtain a deeper insight into the history of these lineages, we characterised the paternal genetic background of a population in Equatorial Guinea, a Central-West African country located near the region in which the highest frequencies of the R1b1 haplogroup in Africa have been found to date. In our sample, the large majority (78.6%) of the sequences belong to subclades in haplogroup E, which are the most frequent in Bantu groups. However, the frequency of the R1b1 haplogroup in our sample (17.0%) was higher than that previously observed for the majority of the African continent. Of these R1b1 samples, nine are defined by the V88 marker, which was recently discovered in Africa. As high microsatellite variance was found inside this haplogroup in Central-West Africa and a decrease in this variance was observed towards Northeast Africa, our findings do not support the previously hypothesised movement of Chadic-speaking people from the North across the Sahara as the explanation for these R1b1 lineages in Central-West Africa. The present findings are also compatible with an origin of the V88-derived allele in the Central-West Africa, and its presence in North Africa may be better explained as the result of a migration from the south during the mid-Holocene.

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Section: Characterisation Of the Male Lineages Of Equatorial Guineamentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Characterisation Of the Male Lineages Of Equatorial Guineamentioning

confidence: 99%

The genetic landscape of Equatorial Guinea and the origin and migration routes of the Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88

et al. 2012

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“…The obtained coalescence times and frequency distribution patterns led them to conclude that the current distribution of M269 sublineages is owing to allele surfing at the periphery of the westwards expansion of M269. Therefore, Myres et al 9 proposed the origin of M269 in Eastern Europe, similar to Balaresque et al, 6 but earlier during the Mesolithic period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…[2][3][4] Another theory, based on the variance of Y-STR haplotypes within M269, also supports its postglacial expansion but argues that M269 could have had a parallel expansion from a refuge in Eastern Europe (Anatolia). 5 The new theory proposed by Balaresque et al, 6 based on the higher diversity of Y-STR haplotypes in Eastern European M269 individuals than in Western European ones, concludes that there is a single origin for haplogroup M269 in Eastern Europe. In addition, the Balaresque et al 6 theory shifts the origin from the glacial period to the Neolithic, because they apply germinal mutation rates rather than evolutionary, generating younger coalescence times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New clues to the evolutionary history of the main European paternal lineage M269: dissection of the Y-SNP S116 in Atlantic Europe and Iberia

et al. 2015

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The dissection of S116 in more than 1500 individuals from Atlantic Europe and the Iberian Peninsula has provided important clues about the controversial evolutionary history of M269. First, the results do not point to an origin of M269 in the FrancoCantabrian refuge, owing to the lack of sublineage diversity within M269, which supports the new theories proposing its origin in Eastern Europe. Second, S116 shows frequency peaks and spatial distribution that differ from those previously proposed, indicating an origin farther west, and it also shows a high frequency in the Atlantic coastline. Third, an outstanding frequency of the DF27 sublineage has been found in Iberia, with a restricted distribution pattern inside this peninsula and a frequency maximum in the area of the Franco-Cantabrian refuge. This entire panorama indicates an old arrival of M269 into Western Europe, because it has generated at least two episodes of expansion in the Franco-Cantabrian area. This study demonstrates the importance of continuing the dissection of the M269 lineage in different European populations because the discovery and study of new sublineages can adjust or even completely revise the theories about European peopling, as has been the case for the place of origin of M269.

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“…17 It has been suggested that this division reflects episodic population expansions during the post-glacial period, including those associated with the establishment of agricultural/ pastoral economies. 3,[18][19][20][21] More than 10% of men in a region extending from South Asia to Scandinavia share a common ancestor in hg R1a-M420, and the vast majority fall within the R1a1-M17/M198 subclade. 22 Although the phylogeography of R1b-M343 has been described, especially in Western and Central Europe, 15,[23][24][25] R1a1 has remained poorly characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The phylogenetic and geographic structure of Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a

Underhill¹,

Poznik²,

Rootsi³

et al. 2014

Eur J Hum Genet

126

129

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,23R1a-M420 is one of the most widely spread Y-chromosome haplogroups; however, its substructure within Europe and Asia has remained poorly characterized. Using a panel of 16 244 male subjects from 126 populations sampled across Eurasia, we identified 2923 R1a-M420 Y-chromosomes and analyzed them to a highly granular phylogeographic resolution. Whole Y-chromosome sequence analysis of eight R1a and five R1b individuals suggests a divergence time of B25 000 (95% CI: 21 300-29 000) years ago and a coalescence time within R1a-M417 of B5800 (95% CI: 4800-6800) years. The spatial frequency distributions of R1a sub-haplogroups conclusively indicate two major groups, one found primarily in Europe and the other confined to Central and South Asia. Beyond the major European versus Asian dichotomy, we describe several younger sub-haplogroups. Based on spatial distributions and diversity patterns within the R1a-M420 clade, particularly rare basal branches detected primarily within Iran and eastern Turkey, we conclude that the initial episodes of haplogroup R1a diversification likely occurred in the vicinity of present-day Iran.

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A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for European Paternal Lineages

Abstract: Most present-day European men inherited their Y chromosomes from the farmers who spread from the Near East 10,000 years ago, rather than from the hunter-gatherers of the Paleolithic.

Cited by 194 publications

References 42 publications

The genetic landscape of Equatorial Guinea and the origin and migration routes of the Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88

The genetic landscape of Equatorial Guinea and the origin and migration routes of the Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88

New clues to the evolutionary history of the main European paternal lineage M269: dissection of the Y-SNP S116 in Atlantic Europe and Iberia

The phylogenetic and geographic structure of Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a

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