A Predominant Role for Norwalk‐like Viruses as Agents of Epidemic Gastroenteritis in Maryland Nursing Homes for the Elderly

Green, Kim Y.; Belliot, Gaël; Taylor, Jean Lin; Valdesuso, J; Lew, Judy; Kapikian, Albert Z.; Lin, Feng-Ying C.

doi:10.1086/338365

Cited by 152 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…The NoV strains used for this study were isolated from patients suffering from gastroenteritis in France (i.e., Dijon171 and E1057 strains were US95/96 and Hunter GII.4 variants, respectively), Egypt (i.e., Cairo7, Cairo1, and Cairo4 isolates belonged to the Yerseke, Den Haag, and Osaka GII.4 variants, respectively), and the United States (i.e., the MD145 strain was representative of the Bristol variant), as documented previously (15,20,21,34) (Table 1).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 62%

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Binding of GII.4 Norovirus Variants onto Human Blood Group Antigens

Rougemont¹,

Ruvoën-Clouet

Benoit

et al. 2011

J Virol

131

161

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 62%

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Binding of GII.4 Norovirus Variants onto Human Blood Group Antigens

Rougemont¹,

Ruvoën-Clouet

Benoit

et al. 2011

J Virol

131

161

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“…AF145896 [27]), human calicivirus Hu/NLV/GII/MD145-12/1987/US (GenBank accession no. AY032605 [8]), and Saitama virus (GenBank accession no. AB039775 [11]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Outbreaks are a significant problem in healthcare institutions (8,18), and 68% of the 2002-2003 increase in the United Kingdom involved elderly patients in such a setting (3). Hospitals and care homes accounted for 79% of 1,877 reported general outbreaks in England and Wales from 1992 to 2000 (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two genogroups infect humans (genogroup I [GI] and GII) (9,15), and each can be subdivided into up to 10 phylogenetic clades (1,30). In contrast to the wider community, outbreaks in healthcare settings are usually caused by a small number of GII strains (18), with a Lordsdale virus-like GII strain (GII clade 4 [GII 4]) predominating (7,8,10,20). Lordsdale virus was identified following a United Kingdom hospital outbreak in March 1993 (6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mutation in a Lordsdale Norovirus Epidemic Strain as a Potential Indicator of Transmission Routes

Dingle

2004

J Clin Microbiol

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An increase in norovirus outbreaks was reported internationally during 2002 and 2003 and was also observed in Oxfordshire (United Kingdom) hospitals. To understand their epidemiological relationships, viruses from 22 outbreaks (15 from one hospital) were subjected to nucleotide sequencing. The 3-terminal 3,255 nt or complete genomes were determined for 49 viruses. All outbreaks were caused by a genogroup II norovirus related to the Lordsdale virus (GII 4), common in healthcare settings. The norovirus mutation rate was sufficiently high that the 3,255-nucleotide sequences allowed separate and potentially connected outbreaks to be identified, since all outbreaks with identical sequences were temporally or geographically linked. The high mutation rate was further indicated by four mutations and three microheterogeneities in 3,255 nucleotides during 17 days of norovirus shedding by an immunocompromised patient. The data suggested that multiple virus introductions from the community, occasional transmission among wards, and one instance of ongoing environmental contamination had occurred. The accumulation, or lack, of mutations within an outbreak was also used to indicate the predominant transmission route. In an outbreak where person-to-person spread was thought to predominate, six mutations were detected throughout the genome, whereas one mutation was detected when point source infection was suspected. This norovirus epidemic strain differed from its closest previously described relative by 11.4 to 13.6% in the outer P2 domain of the capsid, which also had a single-amino-acid insertion. Alterations to the capsid structure compared to previous noroviruses may explain the increased number of outbreaks during 2002 and 2003.

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“…Globally, norovirus outbreaks are caused by different strains of norovirus from genogroups I and II, with the genogroup II strains predominating worldwide (3,11,19). GII-4 has been the predominant norovirus genotype circulating worldwide in recent years (8,9,11,17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Excretion of Noroviruses during a Hospital Outbreak of Gastroenteritis

et al. 2004

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During an investigation of a hospital outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis identified as being caused by a recombinant genogroup II (rGII-3a) strain, fecal specimens collected from asymptomatic staff and patients were tested by nested PCR. A GII-4 norovirus strain, the predominant strain associated with outbreaks in hospitals over the last few years, was detected in 26 and 33% of asymptomatic staff and patients, respectively. No rGII-3a (Harrow/Mexico) norovirus strains were detected in the samples of asymptomatic staff or patients.

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A Predominant Role for Norwalk‐like Viruses as Agents of Epidemic Gastroenteritis in Maryland Nursing Homes for the Elderly

Cited by 152 publications

References 82 publications

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Binding of GII.4 Norovirus Variants onto Human Blood Group Antigens

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Binding of GII.4 Norovirus Variants onto Human Blood Group Antigens

Mutation in a Lordsdale Norovirus Epidemic Strain as a Potential Indicator of Transmission Routes

Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Excretion of Noroviruses during a Hospital Outbreak of Gastroenteritis

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