A Predictive Model of Rainfall Interception in Forests. II. Generalization of the Model and Comparison with Observations in Some Coniferous and Hardwood Stands

Rutter, Allison; Morton, A. J.; Robins, Paul

doi:10.2307/2401739

Cited by 462 publications

(313 citation statements)

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“…The first physically based interception models [Rutter et al, 1971[Rutter et al, , 1975Rutter and Morton, 1977] relied on water balance calculations for canopy surface water storage. This model 29,173 considered canopy surface storage as a function of gross precipitation falling on the canopy surface, drip from the canopy, and evaporation from the canopy surface and can be written simulates the mean number of raindrops (n') retained on the canopy surface element and the mean number of raindrops (m') striking the canopy surface element through dC dt -(1 -fg -fs) P-Do exp (b (C-S))-e,…”

Section: Introduction Il = S + Ket (•)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach to modeling tree rainfall interception

Xiao¹,

McPherson²,

Ustin³

et al. 2000

J. Geophys. Res.

166

109

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Abstract. A three-dimensional physically based stochastic model was developed to describe canopy rainfall interception processes at desired spatial and temporal resolutions. Such model development is important to understand these processes because forest canopy interception may exceed 59% of annual precipitation in old growth trees. The model describes the interception process from a single leaf, to a branch segment, and then up to the individual tree level. It takes into account rainfall, meteorology, and canopy architecture factors as explicit variables. Leaf and stem surface roughness, architecture, and geometric shape control both leaf drip and stemflow. Model predictions were evaluated using actual interception data collected for two mature open grown trees, a 9-year-old broadleaf deciduous pear tree (Pyrus calleryana "Bradford" or Callery pear) and an 8-year-old broadleaf evergreen oak tree (Quercus suber or cork oak). When simulating 18 rainfall events for the oak tree and 16 rainfall events for the pear tree, the model over estimated interception loss by 4.5% and 3.0%, respectively, while stemflow was under estimated by 0.8% and 3.3%, and throughfall was under estimated by 3.7% for the oak tree and over estimated by 0.3% for the pear tree. A model sensitivity analysis indicates that canopy surface storage capacity had the greatest influence on interception, and interception losses were sensitive to leaf and stem surface area indices. Among rainfall factors, interception losses relative to gross precipitation were most sensitive •o rainfall amount. Rainfall incident angle had a significant effect on total precipitation intercepting the projected surface area. Stemflow was sensitive to stem segment and leaf zenith angle distributions. Enhanced understanding of interception loss dynamics should lead to improved urban forest ecosystem management.

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Section: Introduction Il = S + Ket (•)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach to modeling tree rainfall interception

Xiao¹,

McPherson²,

Ustin³

et al. 2000

J. Geophys. Res.

166

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The most widely used interception models are those developed by Rutter (Rutter et al, 1972; 52 Rutter et al, 1975) and Gash (Gash, 1979). The former was the first with a physically-based 53 background where interception loss was explicitly driven by the rate of evaporation from the 54 wet canopy.…”

Section: Gash 2011) 51mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall interception modelling: Is the wet bulb approach adequate to estimate mean evaporation rate from wet/saturated canopies in all forest types?

Pereira

Valente

David

et al. 2016

Journal of Hydrology

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Contact CEH NORA team at noraceh@ceh.ac.ukThe NERC and CEH trademarks and logos ('the Trademarks') are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner. 1Rainfall interception modelling: is the wet bulb approach adequate to estimate mean 1 evaporation rate from wet/saturated canopies in all forest types? 2 3 F. L. Pereira (1)(*), F. Valente (2), J. S. David (2) , 18The Penman-Monteith equation has been widely used to estimate the maximum evaporation 19 rate (E) from wet/saturated forest canopies, regardless of canopy cover fraction. Forests are 20 then represented as a big leaf and interception loss considered essentially as a one-21 dimensional process. With increasing forest sparseness the assumptions behind this big leaf 22 approach become questionable. In sparse forests it might be better to model E and 23 interception loss at the tree level assuming that the individual tree crowns behave as wet bulbs 24 ("wet bulb approach"). In this study, and for five different forest types and climate conditions, 25 interception loss measurements were compared to modelled values (Gash's interception 26 model) based on estimates of E by the Penman-Monteith and the wet bulb approaches. 27Results show that the wet bulb approach is a good, and less data demanding, alternative to 28 estimate E when the forest canopy is fully ventilated (very sparse forests with a narrow 29 canopy depth). When the canopy is not fully ventilated, the wet bulb approach requires a 30 reduction of leaf area index to the upper, more ventilated parts of the canopy, needing data on 31 the vertical leaf area distribution, which is seldom-available. In such cases, the Penman-32Monteith approach seems preferable. Our data also show that canopy cover does not per se 33 allow us to identify if a forest canopy is fully ventilated or not. New methodologies of 34 sensitivity analyses applied to Gash's model showed that a correct estimate of E is critical for 35 the proper modelling of interception loss. 43A proportion of the rain falling on to a forest canopy is intercepted and evaporates back to the 44 atmosphere (David et al., 2005). Several models of the process have been developed (see the 45 review by Muzylo et al., 2009) and these have contributed to a good understanding of the 46 underlying mechanisms of interception loss. Interception models are also important as a 47 component of hydrological catchment models or continental-scale water balance models (e.g. 48 Wallace et al., 2013), to assess global evaporation (e.g., Miralles et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 49 2016), and in the land surface schemes of Global Circulation Models (see Carlyle-Moses and 50 Gash, 2011). 51The most widely used interception models are those developed by Rutter (Rutter et al., 1972; 52 Rutter et al., 1975) and Gash (Gash, 1979). The former was the first with a physically-based 53 background where interception loss was explicitly driven by the rate of evaporation from the 54 wet cano...

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“…In a rain event, the rainfall would be routed through interception, evaporation, infiltration and depression processes of the hydrological cycle dependent on the nature of surfaces and dynamic factors to produce the surface runoff. The interception process of vegetation canopy is calculated by the Rutter model (Rutter et al, 1975;Wang et al, 2008). The estimation of potential evaporation is using the Hargreaves-Samani formula.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of setting sizes and combination of green infrastructures on community’s stormwater runoff reduction

Liu

Chen

Peng

2015

Ecological Modelling

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Implementation of green infrastructures is an effective option for mitigating the impacts of increasing urbanization on stormwater runo ff. In this study, we evaluated the runoff reduction effectiveness under various setting sizes of green infrastructures using a process-based stormwater runoff model. The model was validated with field data from a typical community in Beijing and proved to be accurate in estimating stormwater runoff under larger rain events. The pervious area percentage and soil hydraulic properties were key parameters influencing stormwater runoff. The four types of green infrastructures, including green area expanding, concave green space, storage pond and porous brick pavement were effective in reducing stormwater runoff, but single facility except the storage pond could not fully control runoff of 5-year recurrence storm. With integrated green infrastructures, runoff of 5-year recurrence storm could be 100% reduced by expanding the pervious area percentage to over 50%, or increase storage pond volume to over 1800 m 3 , whereas a maximum runoff reduction of 95% could be achieved when the green land was reformed to concave with a depth of 4 cm, or 50% of the impervious area was replaced with porous brick pavement with a storage capacity of 8 mm. The combination of green infrastructures with proper setting sizes is necessary for optimal control of stormwater runoff management.

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A Predictive Model of Rainfall Interception in Forests. II. Generalization of the Model and Comparison with Observations in Some Coniferous and Hardwood Stands

Cited by 462 publications

References 6 publications

A new approach to modeling tree rainfall interception

A new approach to modeling tree rainfall interception

Rainfall interception modelling: Is the wet bulb approach adequate to estimate mean evaporation rate from wet/saturated canopies in all forest types?

Influences of setting sizes and combination of green infrastructures on community’s stormwater runoff reduction

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