A predictive model of equivalent temperature index for dairy cattle (ETIC)

Wang, Xiaoshuai; Gao, Hongding; Gebremedhin, K. G.; Bjerg, Bjarne; Os, Jennifer M.C. Van; Tucker, Cassandra B.; Zhang, Guoqiang

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.07.013

Cited by 68 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…with air temperature (T , • C) and relative humidity (RH, %). The THI incorporates dry bulb temperature and relative humidity, but it does not take into account wind speed or solar radiation (Dikmen and Hansen, 2009;Lees et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2018b). Second, we considered the equivalent temperature index for cattle (ETIC; see Eq.…”

Section: Empirical Heat Stress Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, we considered the equivalent temperature index for cattle (ETIC; see Eq. 2), which was developed within the OptiBarn project (Wang et al, 2018b). We used the following ETIC definition:…”

Section: Empirical Heat Stress Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For temperature humidity index (THI) we used the thresholds defined by Collier based on milk-yield losses (Collier et al, 2012). For equivalent temperature index for cattle (ETIC) we used the thresholds defined by Wang based on a linear regression between THI and ETIC without wind (v = 0 m s −1 ) and solar radiation (i.e., Q = 0 W m −2 ) (Wang et al, 2018a).…”

Section: Impact Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lot of cattle-related thermal indices have been proposed in literature, two of which we considered in our study (Bianca, 1962;Mader et al, 2006;Gaughan et al, 2008;Mader et al, 2010;Da Silva et al, 2015;Lees et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2018b). The genetic basis used to derive the indices relative to the dominating genotypic conditions in our study (including resilience types and future adaptation) represents additional incalculable factors.…”

Section: Stress Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heat stress risk in European dairy cattle husbandry under different climate change scenarios – uncertainties and potential impacts

et al. 2019

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Abstract. In the last decades, a global warming trend was observed. Along with the temperature increase, modifications in the humidity and wind regime amplify the regional and local impacts on livestock husbandry. Direct impacts include the occurrence of climatic stress conditions. In Europe, cows are economically highly relevant and are mainly kept in naturally ventilated buildings that are most susceptible to climate change. The high-yielding cows are particularly vulnerable to heat stress. Modifications in housing management are the main measures taken to improve the ability of livestock to cope with these conditions. Measures are typically taken in direct reaction to uncomfortable conditions instead of in anticipation of a long-term risk for climatic stress. Measures that balance welfare, environmental and economic issues are barely investigated in the context of climate change and are thus almost not available for commercial farms. Quantitative analysis of the climate change impacts on animal welfare and linked economic and environmental factors is rare. Therefore, we used a numerical modeling approach to estimate the future heat stress risk in such dairy cattle husbandry systems. The indoor climate was monitored inside three reference barns in central Europe and the Mediterranean regions. An artificial neuronal network (ANN) was trained to relate the outdoor weather conditions provided by official meteorological weather stations to the measured indoor microclimate. Subsequently, this ANN model was driven by an ensemble of regional climate model projections with three different greenhouse gas concentration scenarios. For the evaluation of the heat stress risk, we considered the number and duration of heat stress events. Based on the changes in the heat stress events, various economic and environmental impacts were estimated. The impacts of the projected increase in heat stress risk varied among the barns due to different locations and designs as well as the anticipated climate change (considering different climate models and future greenhouse gas concentrations). There was an overall increasing trend in number and duration of heat stress events. At the end of the century, the number of annual stress events can be expected to increase by up to 2000, while the average duration of the events increases by up to 22 h compared to the end of the last century. This implies strong impacts on economics, environment and animal welfare and an urgent need for mid-term adaptation strategies. We anticipated that up to one-tenth of all hours of a year, correspondingly one-third of all days, will be classified as critical heat stress conditions. Due to heat stress, milk yield may decrease by about 2.8 % relative to the present European milk yield, and farmers may expect financial losses in the summer season of about 5.4 % of their monthly income. In addition, an increasing demand for emission reduction measures must be expected, as an emission increase of about 16 Gg of ammonia and 0.1 Gg of methane per year can be expected under the anticipated heat stress conditions. The cattle respiration rate increases by up to 60 %, and the standing time may be prolonged by 1 h. This causes health issues and increases the probability of medical treatments. The various impacts imply feedback loops in the climate system which are presently underexplored. Hence, future in-depth studies on the different impacts and adaptation options at different stress levels are highly recommended.

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Section: Empirical Heat Stress Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Empirical Heat Stress Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stress Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heat stress risk in European dairy cattle husbandry under different climate change scenarios – uncertainties and potential impacts

et al. 2019

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“…Of these, the most common is the temperature-humidity index (THI), which takes into account the effects of air temperature and relative humidity on animals [5][6][7]. Indices that take into account the mobility of air, the intensity of insolation, and other factors besides temperature and humidity were also proposed not so long ago [8][9][10]. As a rule, they are all built taking into account the close connection (correlation) between environmental factors and individual indicators of the functional state of cows, which act as specific predictors [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations between Environmental Factors and Milk Production of Holstein Cows

Mylostyvyi

Chernenko

2019

Data

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Global climate change is a challenge for dairy farming. In this regard, identifying reliable correlations between environmental parameters and animals’ physiological responses is a starting point for the mathematical modeling of their effects on the future welfare and milk production of cows. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between environmental parameters and the milk production of cows in hot period. Archival data from the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center were used to study the state of insolation conditions (IC), wind direction (WD), wind strength (WS), air temperature (AT), and relative humidity (RH). The temperature–humidity index (THI) (Kibler, 1964) and temperature–humidity index in the hangar-type cowshed (THICHT) (Mylostyvyi et al., 2019) served as integral indicators of the state of the cowshed’s microclimate. The daily milk yield (DMY), yield of milk fat (MF) and milk protein (MP), and percentage of milk fat (PMF) and protein (PMP) were taken into account by the DairyComp 305 herd management system (VAS, USA). Statistical data processing was performed using the mathematical functions of Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Inc.) and Statistica 10 (StatSoft Inc.). There was a weak correlation between IC and DMY at r = −0.2, between RH and DMY at r = +0.4, and between RH and MF at r = +0.2. Between DMY, MF, MP, and WS made up r = –0.2 to 0.4. Between DMY, MF, MP, and AT made up r = −0.2 to 0.5 (p < 0.05). The effects of weather factors on animal productivity will be the subject of further research.

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