A prediction model for the impact of environmental and genetic factors on cardiovascular events: development in a salt substitutes population

Abstract

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has evolved into a serious public health issue that demands the use of suitable methods to estimate the risk of the disease. As a result, in a sample of individuals who completed a 3-year low-sodium salt or conventional salt intervention in a hypertensive environment, we constructed a 13-year cardiovascular (CV) event risk prediction model with a 10-year follow-up. Methods A Cox proportional hazards model was used to build a prediction model based on data from 306 participants who matched the inclusion criteria. Both the discriminating power and the calibration of the prediction models were assessed. The discriminative power of the prediction model was measured using the area under the curve (AUC). Brier scores and calibration plots were used to assess the prediction model's calibration. The model was internally validated using the tenfold cross-validation method. The nomogram served as a tool for visualising the model. Results Among the 306 total individuals, there were 100 cases and 206 control. In the model, there were six predictors including age, smoking, LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), baseline SBP (systolic blood pressure), CVD (cardiovascular history), and CNV (genomic copy number variation) nsv483076. The fitted model has an AUC of 0.788, showing strong model discrimination, and a Brier score of 0.166, indicating that it was well-calibrated. According to the results of internal validation, the prediction model utilised in this study had a good level of repeatability. According to the model integrating the interaction of CNVs and baseline blood pressure, the effect of baseline SBP on CV events may be greater when nsv483076 was normal double copies than when nsv483076 was copy number variation. Conclusions The efficacy of risk prediction models for CV events that include environmental and genetic components is excellent, and they may be utilised as risk assessment tools for CV events in specific groups to offer a foundation for tailored intervention strategies.

Dietary sodium/potassium intake and cognitive impairment in older patients with hypertension: Data from NHANES 2011–2014

“…30 Additionally, dietary sodium is a risk factor for hypertension. 31,32 In this study, we combined data from NHANES 2011 to 2012 and 2013−2014 and involved 2276 Americans…”

“…A previous study showed that high dietary sodium intake might influence cognitive performance 30 . Additionally, dietary sodium is a risk factor for hypertension 31,32 . In this study, we combined data from NHANES 2011 to 2012 and 2013−2014 and involved 2276 Americans (1,670 participants with hypertension) aged ≥60 years.…”

“… 30 Additionally, dietary sodium is a risk factor for hypertension. 31 , 32 In this study, we combined data from NHANES 2011 to 2012 and 2013−2014 and involved 2276 Americans (1,670 participants with hypertension) aged ≥60 years. After adjusting for all confounding factors, the associations between dietary sodium intake and cognitive performance were significant in participants with or without hypertension, and a parabolic‐shaped dose–response relationship was also detected.…”