A prediction method for radon in groundwater using GIS and multivariate statistics

Skeppström, Kirlna; Olofsson, Bo

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.02.044

Cited by 58 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Interpolated data were normalized for spatial grid creation. 22 Estimated nitrate and U concentrations (x independent and y dependent ) within a 1 km × 1 km (1 km 2 ) area were calculated by dividing the covariance (S xy ) of predicted concentrations by the product of standard deviations S x and S y (see the Supporting Information for details). 24 This method has been previously applied to the groundwater spatial distribution.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Uranium Contamination in Major U.S. Aquifers Linked to Nitrate

Nolan

Weber

2015

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

209

124

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Groundwater geochemical data collected from two major U.S. aquifers, High Plains (HP) and Central Valley (CV), revealed naturally occurring groundwater uranium (U) exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level (MCL = 30 μg/L) across 22375 km 2 where 1.9 million people live. Analysis of geochemical parameters revealed a moderately strong correlation between U and nitrate, a common groundwater contaminant, as well as alkalinity and calcium [Spearman's rho (ρ) ≥ 0.30; p < 0.001]. Nitrate is recognized to alter U solubility by oxidative dissolution of reduced U(IV) minerals. Approximately 78% of areas where U concentrations were interpolated above the MCL were correlated to the presence of nitrate (Pearson's r ≥ 0.5; p < 0.05). Shallow groundwater was determined to be the most susceptible to co-contamination (HP, ρ = 0.46; CV, ρ = 0.52). Together, these results indicate that nitrate, a primary contaminant, should be considered as a factor leading to secondary groundwater U contamination in addition to the recognized role of alkalinity and calcium.

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Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Uranium Contamination in Major U.S. Aquifers Linked to Nitrate

Nolan

Weber

2015

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

209

124

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“…Skeppström and Olofsson conducted a similar study in Sweden predicting 222 Rn in groundwater using GIS techniques: the authors studied effect of geology, topography and 238 U of the bedrock on 222 Rn concentrations in the groundwater. A similar effort was conducted in this study [19]. Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Groundwater Radon-222 Concentrations in Antelope Creek, Idaho:Measurement and Interpolation

Gokhale¹

2010

TOEBMJ

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Groundwater samples were collected from eight wells in remote Antelope Creek valley, Idaho. Seven out of eight locations showed that groundwater 222 Rn concentrations were much greater than 11 Bq/L (300 pCi/L), a maximum contaminant level (MCL) proposed by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).Rock and soil samples collected near the sampling wells revealed that 238 U contents were between 0.55 to 6.41 ppm. Minerals collected from different regions of the country with similar 238 U contents also showed high concentrations of 222 Rn in the groundwater. An interpretation technique using a Geographic Information System (GIS) software with available information also indicated a clear correlation between the rock types and 222 Rn concentrations in the groundwater.Several cancer rates near the study area reported to be higher than national average. Many factors can be affecting 222 Rn in the groundwater, what may these factors be in the study area and if the 222 Rn concentration is a contributing factor to certain high cancer rates in the area remain to be subjects of interest.

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“…The concentration of metals in this study varies by orders of magnitude and hence data standardization was performed using mean and variance values, according to the following equation (Skeppström and Olofsson 2006;Johnson and Wichern 2007):…”

Section: Cluster Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Geochemical Hazard Mapping of St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada

Foley

Bell²,

Liverman³

2011

atgeol

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The surface soil concentrations (n = 997) of ten metals with Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment soil quality guidelines were mapped on residential properties in the City of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Concentrations of all metals are elevated above background levels, five of the ten metals -As, Ba, Cu, Pb, and Zn -have concentrations above environmental health guidelines in more than 20% of samples, and three metals -As, Pb, and V -exceed human health guidelines in 34 to 47% of samples. Using a contamination index, surface soil was shown to be highly contaminated in the downtown area, primarily on residential properties predating the 1950s. In order of influence, the four metals with the highest contamination factor are Pb, Zn, As, and Cu. Compared to background levels, surface soils are significantly enriched in Pb and Cd, and moderately enriched in Cr, Cu, and Zn. A hierarchical clustering procedure indicated strong statistical relationships between the occurrences of two metal groups across all soil samples. One group -Pb-Zn-Cd -has consistently elevated concentrations in soil sampled adjacent to the exterior walls of buildings, although high values were also recorded in roadside sites and from open spaces on properties. The second group -Cr-Ni-Cu -has minimal to moderately elevated concentrations in all sample locations, though slightly higher concentrations along roadsides. The clusters of metals and their spatial concentration patterns suggest that weathered paint, vehicular emissions, and coal burning were important sources for the main contaminants in sampled soils. Of the three metals (i.e., As, Pb, and V) which significantly exceed human health guidelines, Pb and As pose the greatest potential health risk and require further assessment. It is possible that other cities in the region that share similar urban history and characteristics have a potentially hazardous geochemical landscape. RÉSUMÉDes concentrations du sol en surface (n = 997) de dix métaux qui figurent dans les lignes directrices sur la qualité du sol du Conseil canadien des ministres de l'Environnement, ont été répertoriées sur une carte de terrains résidentiels de la ville de St. John's, à TerreNeuveetLabrador, au Canada. Les concentrations de tous les métaux étaient plus élevées que le niveau naturel et cinq de ces dix métaux, As, Ba, Cu, Pb et Zn, avaient une concentration supérieure aux lignes directrices sur l'hygiène du milieu dans plus de 20 % des échantillons. Dans 34 à 47 % des échantillons de trois métaux, As, Pb et V, il y avait une concentration qui dépassait les lignes directrices sur la santé humaine. En regard d'un indice de contamination, il a été établi que le sol en surface dans le secteur du centre-ville présentait une forte contamination, principalement sur des terrains résidentiels aménagés avant les années 1950. En ordre d'importance, les quatre métaux qui présentaient la plus forte contamination étaient le Pb, le Zn, l'As et le Cu. Comparativement au niveau naturel, les taux d...

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A prediction method for radon in groundwater using GIS and multivariate statistics

Cited by 58 publications

References 20 publications

Natural Uranium Contamination in Major U.S. Aquifers Linked to Nitrate

Natural Uranium Contamination in Major U.S. Aquifers Linked to Nitrate

Groundwater Radon-222 Concentrations in Antelope Creek, Idaho:Measurement and Interpolation

Urban Geochemical Hazard Mapping of St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada

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