A Prediction Experiment with a Global Model of the Kurihara-Grid

Miyakoda, K.; Moyer, R. W.; Stambler, H.; Clarke, R. H.; Strickler, R. F.

doi:10.2151/jmsj1965.49a.0_521

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Both show a region of equatorward flux (much larger in the observed case) at low levels beneath the poleward maximum. Such an equatorward flux was actually observed in the boundary layer during the Wangara experiment (Clarke et al 1971), extending over 40 days a t latitude 34.5's. If the value found is representative of its latitude, the flux a t 350 m above the ground woultl be 1.7X loB cm4.s-2 toward the Equator.…”

Section: Some Statistical Properties Of the Predictionssupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Application of this model to prediction experiments has been described by Smagorinsky et al (1967) and Miyakoda et al (1969). The methods used for representing the physical processes in the present model are described by Miyakoda et al (1971~). Briefly, the model includes: moist processes, as in Manabe et al (1965), except that the moist convective adjustment is applied when the relative humidity is 80 percent or more; orography, smoothed to consistency with the grid ; long-and short-wave radiation (where humidity, clouds, and ozone are based on Northern Hemisphere height-latitude mean values for October) ; constant (mean March) insolation; constant (mean March) seasurface temperature; a water availability factor (over land), DW=E/EpOt, which is the ratio of evaporation to potential evaporation computed from climatological precipitation data with the use of a procedure from Saltzman (1967) ; and prescribed albedo and snow cover.…”

Section: The Model and The Computing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the success of these experiments, we decided to gather data to enable us to make global forecasts as well as to separate hemispheric forecasts for comparison. Results of the global experiments are reported by Miyakoda et al (1971a). The results of the hemispheric forecasts for the Southern Hemisphere are reported in this pa.per.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Southern Hemisphere Prediction Experiment With a Nine-Level, Primitive-Equation Model

Clarke¹,

Strickler²

1972

Mon. Wea. Rev.

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nine-level hemispheric primitive-equation model is applied to make a 14-day experimental prediction for the Southern Hemisphere; this is the first numerical prediction on the hemispheric scale for the Southern Hemisphere and the first attempt to use the model for summertime forecasting. The predictions are verified against hemispheric data, the inadequacy of which is clear. They are also verified in the Australasian sector where the data are more adequate. For the first 2 days, especially over areas with good

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Section: Some Statistical Properties Of the Predictionssupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: The Model and The Computing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Southern Hemisphere Prediction Experiment With a Nine-Level, Primitive-Equation Model

Clarke¹,

Strickler²

1972

Mon. Wea. Rev.

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“…However, both of these models dealt with only the Northern Hemisphere. The current literature contains only one report on global primitive equation forecasting (Miyakoda and Staff Members 1968) in which the authors discuss the results of a %week global forecast using R nine-level model. The lack of research on the problem of global real-data forecasting can be attributed in part to the absence of readily obtainable conventional data in the Tropics and Southern Hemisphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Real-Data Forecasts With the Ncar Two-Layer General Circulation Model

Baumhefner¹

1970

Mon. Wea. Rev.

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A number of global real-data numerical forecasts have been calculated using the two-layer NCAR (National Center for Atmospheric Research) general circulation model. The purpose of these experiments was threefold: 1) t o evaluate the model's ability t o predict the real atmosphere, 2) to develop a global forecasting model which will make use of the data obtained by the proposed GARP (Global Atmospheric Research Program), and 3) to help determine some of the internal, empirical constants of the model. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the predictions, several "skill scores" were calculated from the forecasted and observed variables. A by-product of this research was the testing of five different types of data-initialization schemes. Over 50, 4-day forecasts have been run, in which the initialization schemes and internal constants were varied. The results from these experiments indicate that the present two-layer model is capable of forecasting the real atmosphere with reasonable skill out to 2 days a t the surface and 4 days in the middle troposphere. The best initialization scheme for this particular model, thus far, appears to be the complete balance equation. However, several of the simplified initialization techniques are very close in terms of forecasting skill.

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“…a, b, k and 1. Somewhat imperfect and crude initialization methods (Miyakoda et al, 1971, andHoughton andWashington, 1969) do not give terribly bad forecasts. An example from Washington and Baumhefner (1975) shows that before their method was used to suppress external gravity waves the forecasts were indeed very poor.…”

Section: Various Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initialization with the data assimilation method

Miyakoda

Strickler

Chludzinski

1978

Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography

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The initial conditions generated by a data assimilation technique with a general circulation model were evaluated. Two types of dynamic initialization, i.e., "the forward adjustment" and "the forward-backward adjustment", were tested using the real data produced by the NMC objective analysis. The degree of balance in the initial condition was examined in terms of the smoothness in the development of the rate of precipitation, angular momentum, and kinetic energy during the starting period of the prediction. The quality of the initialization was, however, appraised by the performance of the subsequent prediction. For the forward adjustment, various types of schemes of data insertion were studied with regard to the amount of shock produced and the degree of faithfulness of the injected data. In dealing with forward-backward processes, one difficult problem is how to design a reversible algorithm. An approximate method is presented for maintaining the reversibility in a system which includes kinetic energy dissipation, radiation, and the moist heating. In addition, the question is discussed as to which physical processes of the model must be included for the forward-backward initialization. It is found that the dynamic. initialization using the forward-backward data assimilation produces predictions that are, in some ways, better than those from the static or conventional initialization. However, for the forward data assimilation the predictions are consistently worse than those from the static initialization.

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A Prediction Experiment with a Global Model of the Kurihara-Grid

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Southern Hemisphere Prediction Experiment With a Nine-Level, Primitive-Equation Model

Southern Hemisphere Prediction Experiment With a Nine-Level, Primitive-Equation Model

Global Real-Data Forecasts With the Ncar Two-Layer General Circulation Model

Initialization with the data assimilation method

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