A precision method for measuring the complex permittivity of solid tissue in the frequency domain between 2 and 18 GHz

Steel, Moscow; Sheppard, R J; Grant, E H

doi:10.1088/0022-3735/17/1/006

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This complex reflection coefficient of the sample, in turn, can be related back to the complex permittivity of the sample under test. Such methods typically make use of a calibrated Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) to carry out the measurements, although many of the reflectometric spectroscopy methods were in place long before VNAs became widely available, when slotted lines and waveguide null bridges were common techniques used to measure the reflection coefficient [52][53].…”

Section: Reflectometric Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave resonant sensor for measurement of ionic concentration in aqueous solutions

Roy

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Nitrate efflux from agricultural lands in the Midwestern United States mixes with surface streams and creates hypoxic conditions in the Gulf of Mexico, which lead to destruction of aquatic ecosystems. Besides, excess nitrate in drinking water poses a serious threat to human health, including blue baby syndrome, birth defects, and cancer. The current nitrate management techniques are inefficient and expensive, and a major reason for this is the lack of low-cost, effective ionic concentration monitoring systems. The dependence of nitrate

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Section: Reflectometric Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave resonant sensor for measurement of ionic concentration in aqueous solutions

Roy

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“…However, it should be noted that this type of absolute measuement is not tolerant of any simplifying assumptions in the theoretical derivation of the models or in their numerical solutions and that it is equally demanding on component perfection and engineering exactitude. It is for these reasons that the most successful techniques, such as the well known von Hippel technique (Roberts and von Hippel 1946) and its many modern adaptations (Steel et al 1984, Buckmaster et al 1990, incorporate elements of self-calibration that effectively eliminate the effects of systematic imperfections.…”

Section: A Comparison Between the Admittance Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Admittance models for open ended coaxial probes and their place in dielectric spectroscopy

1994

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Starting from a rigorous formulation for the admittance of an open ended coaxial probe, this paper identifies the simplifying assumptions that are introduced to obtain more practical solutions. The predictions of the models are compared to each other and to experimental data obtained on an independently calibrated experimental set-up. The advantages and limitations of a model are determined by the theoretical derivation and the numerical solution. The model identified as most suitable for the measurement of the dielectric properties of biological materials is used to determine the relative permittivity and conductivity of muscle and skull bone in the frequency range 1 MHz to 20 GHz.

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Dielectric properties of developing rabbit brain at 37°C

Thurai

Steel

Sheppard

et al. 1985

Bioelectromagnetics

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The dielectric properties of developing rabbit brain were measured at 37 degrees C between 10 MHz and 18 GHz using time domain and frequency domain systems. The results show a variation with age of the dielectric properties of brain. An analysis of the data suggests that the water dispersion in the brain of newly born animals can be represented by a Debye equation. This dispersion increases in complexity with age, and there is evidence of a smaller additional relaxation process centered around 1 GHz. It is concluded that the principal contribution to this subsidiary dispersion region arises from water of hydration.

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A precision method for measuring the complex permittivity of solid tissue in the frequency domain between 2 and 18 GHz

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Microwave resonant sensor for measurement of ionic concentration in aqueous solutions

Microwave resonant sensor for measurement of ionic concentration in aqueous solutions

Admittance models for open ended coaxial probes and their place in dielectric spectroscopy

Dielectric properties of developing rabbit brain at 37°C

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