The era of precision electroweak measurements at high energies started twenty years ago with the electron-positron colliders LEP and SLC. Excellent performance of accelerators, advanced detectors and precise theoretical predictions led to enormous progress in the examination of the Standard Model. Ongoing measurements at the Tevatron complement the precision results from LEP and SLC and allow a comprehensive test of the electroweak interactions. So far, the Standard Model has agreed well with the measurements and no significant deviation has been observed. But the Higgs boson, an important constituent of the Standard Model, has not yet been found but its mass is constrained by the high precision data. In this report an overview of the global electroweak tests of the Standard Model is presented. It includes the measurements, and their treatment to probe the Standard Model with highest precision. Finally, a short outlook to physics scenarios beyond the Standard Model is given. 5. Precision measurements at the Z resonance 13 5.1. Measurement of the Z lineshape 13 5.2. Measurement of forward-backward charge asymmetries 13 5.3. The parameters of the Z lineshape 14 5.4. Tau polarization at LEP 14 5.5. Polarized asymmetries at SLC 15 5.6. Heavy quark flavours at LEP and SLC 16 5.7. Inclusive hadronic charge asymmetry 17 6. Parameters of the Z boson 18 6.1. The Z boson mass 18 6.2. The Z boson partial widths 18 6.3. The number of light neutrinos 18 6.4. Effective couplings of the neutral weak current 19 6.5. The effective weak mixing angle 20 6.6. Sensitivity to radiative corrections beyond QED 20 7. Global test of the Standard Model 21 7.1. Hadronic vacuum polarization 21 7.2. Fit to Z pole data 22 7.3. W boson production at LEP-II 23 7.4. W boson measurements at the Tevatron 24 7.5. World average of W boson mass measurement 25 7.6. Top quark production at the Tevatron 25 7.7. Constraints from measurements at low energies 26 7.8. Global electroweak fit 27 7.9. Global fit and the mass of the Higgs boson 29 Rep. Prog. Phys. 73 (2010) 126201 S Riemann 7.10. Future precision measurements at the Z pole 29 7.11. Parametrization of radiative corrections 31 8. e + e − annihilation at energies above the Z boson 32 8.1. Fermion-pair production above the Z pole 32 8.2. Interpretation of LEP-II fermion-pair production measurements 32 9. Beyond the Standard Model 33 9.1. Supersymmetry 34 9.2. Models with extra dimensions 34 9.3. Strong electroweak symmetry breaking 35 9.4. New gauge bosons 36 10. Summary and outlook 37 Acknowledgments 37 References 37 √ 2and sin θ W is the weak mixing angle. The couplings of the bosons γ , Z and W ± to leftand right-handed fermions are described by electromagnetic currents, J µ em , neutral weak currents, J µ NC , and charged weak currents, J µ CC ,conserves the fermion flavour and includes a vector coefficient, v f = T f 3 − 2Q f sin 2 θ W , and an axial-vector coefficient, a f = T f 3 . The charged current has the general form J µ CC = fν