A precise extragalactic test of General Relativity

Collett, Thomas E.; Oldham, Lindsay; Smith, Russell J.; Auger, Matthew W.; Westfall, Kyle B.; Bacon, David; Nichol, R. C.; Masters, Karen L.; Koyama, K.; Bosch, Remco C. E. van den

doi:10.1126/science.aao2469

Cited by 158 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…More specifically, a completely model independent approach will be used to constrain cosmic opacity using the time-delay observations of strong gravitational lensing systems as standard rulers. Based on a reliable knowledge about the lensing system, i.e., the Einstein radius (from image astrometry) and stellar velocity dispersion (form central velocity dispersion obtained from spectroscopy), one can use it to derive the information of ADDs (Grillo et al 2008;Biesiada, Piórkowska, & Malec 2010;Cao, Covone & Zhu 2012;Cao et al , 2013Li et al 2016;Cao et al 2017a;Ma et al 2019), test the weak-field metric on kiloparsec scales (Cao et al 2015;Collett et al 2018), and probe the distance duality relation in a cosmological model independent approach (Liao et al 2016;Yang et al 2019). In addition, multiple images of the lensed variable sources take different time to complete their travel and the time delay is a function of the Fermat potential difference, and three angular diameter distances between the observer, lens, and source (Treu et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Cosmic Opacity with the Combination of Strongly Lensed and Unlensed Supernova Ia

Ma¹,

Cao²,

Zhang³

et al. 2019

ApJ

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In this paper, we present a scheme to investigate the opacity of the Universe in a cosmological-modelindependent way, with the combination of current and future measurements of type Ia supernova sample and galactic-scale strong gravitational lensing systems with SNe Ia acting as background sources. The observational data include the current newly-compiled SNe Ia data (Pantheon sample) and simulated sample of SNe Ia observed by the forthcoming Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) survey, which are taken for luminosity distances (D L ) possibly affected by the cosmic opacity, as well as strongly lensed SNe Ia observed by the LSST, which are responsible for providing the observed time-delay distance (D ∆t ) unaffected by the cosmic opacity. Two parameterizations, τ (z) = 2βz and τ (z) = (1 + z) 2β − 1 are adopted for the optical depth associated to the cosmic absorption. Focusing on only one specific type of standard cosmological probe, this provides an original method to measure cosmic opacity at high precision. Working on the simulated sample of strongly lensed SNe Ia observed by the LSST in 10 year z-band search, our results show that, with the combination of the current newly-compiled SNe Ia data (Pantheon sample), there is no significant deviation from the transparency of the Universe at the current observational data level. Moreover, strongly lensed SNe Ia in a 10 year LSST z-band search would produce more robust constraints on the validity of cosmic transparency (at the precision of ∆β = 10 −2 ), with a larger sample of unlensed SNe Ia detected in future LSST survey. We have also discussed the ways in which our methodology could be improved, with the combination of current and future available data in gravitational wave (GW) and electromagnetic (EM) domain. Therefore, the proposed method will allow not only to check the foundations of observational cosmology (a transparent universe), but also open the way to identify completely new physics (non-standard physics).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Cosmic Opacity with the Combination of Strongly Lensed and Unlensed Supernova Ia

Ma¹,

Cao²,

Zhang³

et al. 2019

ApJ

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“…The measured velocity dispersion is itself model dependent e.g. sensitive to a choice of stellar spectral templates (35). This leads to a systematic uncertainty in the velocity dispersion measurement which, in turn, affects the angular diameter distance via D d ∝ σ −2 .…”

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confidence: 99%

A measurement of the Hubble constant from angular diameter distances to two gravitational lenses

Jee

Suyu

Komatsu

et al. 2019

Science

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The local expansion rate of the Universe is parametrized by the Hubble constant, H 0 , the ratio between recession velocity and distance. Different techniques lead to inconsistent estimates of H 0 . Observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe) can be used to measure H 0 , but this requires an external calibra-1 arXiv:1909.06712v1 [astro-ph.CO] 15 Sep 2019 tor to convert relative distances to absolute ones. We use the angular diameter distance to strong gravitational lenses as a suitable calibrator, which is only weakly sensitive to cosmological assumptions. We determine the angular diameter distances to two gravitational lenses, 810 +160 −130 and 1230 +180 −150 Mpc, at redshifts of z = 0.295 and 0.6304. Using these absolute distances to calibrate 740 previously-measured relative distances to SNe, we measure the Hubble constant to be H 0 = 82.4 +8.4 −8.3 km s −1 Mpc −1 .

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“…The most stringent extragalactic bound, γ = 0.97 ± 0.09 in the galaxy ESO 325-G004, was reported by Ref. [70]. Similarly, reference [71] report γ = 1.01 ± 0.05.…”

Section: A Strong Gravitational Lensingmentioning

confidence: 89%

Screened fifth forces mediated by dark matter-baryon interactions: Theory and astrophysical probes

2019

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We derive the details of a new screening mechanism where the interactions of baryons and dark matter can be screened according to the local dark matter density. In this mechanism, the value of Newton's constant is dark matter density-dependent, allowing for the possibility that astrophysical phenomena are very different in galaxies less dense than the Milky Way. The parameterized post Newtonian parameter γ, which quantifies the difference between kinematical and lensing probes, also depends on dark matter density. We calculate the effects of varying G on various stages of stellar evolution, focusing on observables that impact cosmology: the Cepheid period-luminosity relation and the supernova Ia magnitude-redshift relation. Other potential tests of the model are also investigated including main-sequence, post-main sequence, and low mass dwarf stars. Finally, we discuss how extragalactic tests of γ could provide complementary constraints. Recently, the authors of Ref. [30] have devised a dark energy model where the cosmic acceleration is driven not arXiv:1907.03775v1 [astro-ph.CO]

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A precise extragalactic test of General Relativity

Cited by 158 publications

References 61 publications

Testing Cosmic Opacity with the Combination of Strongly Lensed and Unlensed Supernova Ia

Testing Cosmic Opacity with the Combination of Strongly Lensed and Unlensed Supernova Ia

A measurement of the Hubble constant from angular diameter distances to two gravitational lenses

Screened fifth forces mediated by dark matter-baryon interactions: Theory and astrophysical probes

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