A Practical Split Manufacturing Framework for Trojan Prevention via Simultaneous Wire Lifting and Cell Insertion

Li, Meng; Yu, Bei; Lin, Yibo; Xu, Xiaoqing; Li, Wuxi; Pan, David Z.

doi:10.1109/tcad.2018.2859402

Cited by 19 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Li et al [11] recently proposed an advancement for ksecurity, with the following contributions (labeled as "+").…”

Section: Discussion Of Prior Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…"+" Additional dummy gates (and dummy wires) help to raise the security level as required for layouts initially holding only a few instances of some gate type. To model the insertion of dummy gates and simultaneous lifting of wires, Li et al [11] consider the concept of spanning subgraph isomorphism. "+" To limit computational cost, they propose a mixedinteger linear program (MILP)-based framework.…”

Section: Discussion Of Prior Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are many other parties in an IC supply chain which may leak the netlist to those fab-based adversaries. Therefore, following a strong threat model [10], [11] (reviewed next), we leverage 3D integration to hinder such an advanced HT threat scenario.…”

Section: Methodology For Trojan Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7), specifically for a strong threat model where the fabbased attacker already holds the full netlist to begin with [10]. Initially we identify the limitations of prior art [10], [11]: the attainable level of security, scalability, and layout cost incurred to guarantee this level of protection. To tackle these limitations, we propose and implement a security-driven synthesis strategy along with our established 3D IC CAD flow.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For reactive countermeasures, there are various approaches, e.g., based on current monitoring [32] or security wrappers [33]. For pro-active countermeasures, prior art covers, e.g., built-in self-authentication modules [34] and SM-centric obfuscation schemes [10], [11] among others. Note that the fab-based adversary needs to comprehend the layout under attack for targeted HT insertion; that is why schemes like LL and SM can prevent HT insertion to a certain extent.…”

Section: Hardware Trojansmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A Modern Approach to IP Protection and Trojan Prevention: Split Manufacturing for 3D ICs and Obfuscation of Vertical Interconnects

Patnaik

Ashraf²,

Sinanoglu³

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Emerg. Topics Comput.

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Split manufacturing (SM) and layout camouflaging (LC) are two promising techniques to obscure integrated circuits (ICs) from malicious entities during and after manufacturing. While both techniques enable protecting the intellectual property (IP) of ICs, SM can further mitigate the insertion of hardware Trojans (HTs). In this paper, we strive for the "best of both worlds," that is we seek to combine the individual strengths of SM and LC. By jointly extending SM and LC techniques toward 3D integration, an up-and-coming paradigm based on stacking and interconnecting of multiple chips, we establish a modern approach to hardware security. Toward that end, we develop a security-driven CAD and manufacturing flow for 3D ICs in two variations, one for IP protection and one for HT prevention. Essential concepts of that flow are (i) "3D splitting" of the netlist to protect, (ii) obfuscation of the vertical interconnects (i.e., the wiring between stacked chips), and (iii) for HT prevention, a security-driven synthesis stage. We conduct comprehensive experiments on DRC-clean layouts of multi-million-gate DARPA and OpenCores designs (and others). Strengthened by extensive security analysis for both IP protection and HT prevention, we argue that entering the third dimension is eminent for effective and efficient hardware security.

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“…Li et al [11] recently proposed an advancement for ksecurity, with the following contributions (labeled as "+").…”

Section: Discussion Of Prior Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion Of Prior Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodology For Trojan Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%