“…For this reason, VSCMGs are often utilized in the design of integrated power and attitude control systems (IPACS) [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]. However, the energy storage and attitude control capabilities of VSCMGs can deteriorate over time due to changes in the dynamics such as bearing degradation and increased friction in the gimbals or wheels [13].…”