A practical review study on shaped charge in the last two decades (2000–2020)

Abstract

Shaped charges are devices used for cutting or penetrating different aerial, on land, and underwater targets, based on the concentration of the explosion energy to the liner. The purpose of this study is to present a practical review of the studies related to shaped charges in the last twenty years (2000–2020). In this regard, these studies have been reviewed in two different categories for ordinary and advanced shaped charges. In the case of ordinary shaped charges, different aspects including shaped charges against different targets, different types of shaped charges (such as linear shaped charge and explosively formed penetrators), and theoretical advancements are presented. On the other hand, the new kinds of shaped charges developed for a specific purpose are introduced in the case of advanced shaped charges. The survey of the literature indicates that different concepts such as cut-off velocity and theoretical applicability of hydrodynamics theory in shaped charge penetration still Requires effort. Also, few studies have been focused on new shaped charges, such as hyper-velocity shaped charges, annular and dual-mode ones; and the field is still open for further progress. Besides, some of these new shaped-charges, such as double-layer shaped charges, are not realistic enough to be produced for practical purposes or the market.

High Strain Rate Failure Behavior of Polycarbonate Plates due to Hypervelocity Impact

“…Impacts at these velocities are often catastrophic due to the impactor’s overwhelming kinetic energy. Satellites orbiting Earth are at risk of HVI through micro meteor orbital debris (MMOD). − Yet on Earth, shaped charges are capable of launching jets of material at hypervelocity. − Therefore, to protect human life and critical infrastructure from these hypervelocity impacts, a fundamental understanding regarding the responses of various materials at such high velocities is paramount. The HVI response of materials, particularly that of metals and ceramics because of their importance in space applications, has been investigated widely using a two-stage light gas gun (2SLGG). ,− The HVI impact of MMOD can lead to an ultrahigh strain rate, ≥10 6 s –1, and in 2SLGGs, an estimated strain rate over the range 10 5 –10 6 s –1 can be achieved …”

Microstructure Evolution and Deformation Mechanism of Tantalum–Tungsten Alloy Liner under Ultra-High Strain Rate by Explosive Detonation

“…The shaped charge device is a basic explosive system for driving metallic liners to high supersonic velocities using detonation phenomena of a hollow charge which is widely used in defense, military and commercial industries [ 1 ]. As one of the key components of the shaped charge device, the material properties and structural parameters of the liner will directly affect the forming state and terminal effect of the projectile [ 2 , 3 ]. The liner exhibits a completely different mechanical behavior and deformation mechanism from the conventional process, including shaped charge jet (SCJ) and explosively formed projectile (EFP).…”

“…It has been nearly 130 years since the discovery of the shaped charge device, and its high-speed development began with the successful application in the Second World War. Many researchers from all over the world have made important contributions to the field of shaped charge, but the great majority of the research is based on the experimental phenomena with empirical or semi-empirical results [ 2 , 3 , 9 , 10 ]. Due to the extreme loading and deformation conditions, the actual evolution of the liner material is directly treated as fluid [ 1 , 2 , 3 ].…”

“…Many researchers from all over the world have made important contributions to the field of shaped charge, but the great majority of the research is based on the experimental phenomena with empirical or semi-empirical results [ 2 , 3 , 9 , 10 ]. Due to the extreme loading and deformation conditions, the actual evolution of the liner material is directly treated as fluid [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. At present, the power performance of the shaped charge projectile is already reaching the bottleneck, and it is difficult to achieve further improvement by purely macro-structural-parameter modulation.…”