A practical perspective on the potential of rechargeable Mg batteries

Blázquez, J. Alberto; Maça, Rudi Ruben; Leonet, Olatz; Azaceta, Eneko; Mukherjee, Ayan; Zhao‐Karger, Zhirong; Li, Zhenyou; Kovalevsky, A. A.; Fernández-Barquín, Ana; Mainar, Aroa R.; Jankowski, Piotr; Rademacher, Laurin; Dey, Sunita; Grey, Clare P.; Drews, Janina; Häcker, Joachim; Danner, Timo; Latz, Arnulf; Sotta, Dane; Palacin, M. R.; Martin, Jean‐Frédéric; Garcı́a-Lastra, J. M.; Fichtner, Maximilian; Kundu, Sumana; Kraytsberg, Alexander; Ein‐Eli, Yair; Noked, Malachi; Aurbach, Doron

doi:10.1039/d2ee04121a

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…37,39,42 The overpotential to metal plating sometimes observed (e.g., Mg electrolytes) could be attributed to the use of a Mo current collector not being an ideal substrate for metal nucleation and plating. 47 While a better substrate could be suggested for plating such metals, this was not the scope of our study and did not prevent us from plating metals. Nevertheless, plating from Ca or Mg electrolytes often generates a passivating layer that does not conduct Mg/Ca-ions, preventing continuous electrodeposition.…”

Section: Are We Plating Metals?mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…All the tested electrolytes were subjected to a linear voltage sweep (LSV, Figure A) followed with constant current electrolysis (Figure B) to plate metals. During the LSV, the steep increase in current suggests that the metals do plate–at least in one of the tested electrolyte compositions–as expected. ,, The overpotential to metal plating sometimes observed (e.g., Mg electrolytes) could be attributed to the use of a Mo current collector not being an ideal substrate for metal nucleation and plating . While a better substrate could be suggested for plating such metals, this was not the scope of our study and did not prevent us from plating metals.…”

Section: Why Is LI So Special? – Interpretation and Model Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Searching for the Rules of Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation

Tort,

Bagger,

Westhead

et al. 2023

ACS Catal.

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Li-mediated ammonia synthesis is, thus far, the only electrochemical method for heterogeneous decentralized ammonia production. The unique selectivity of the solid electrode provides an alternative to one of the largest heterogeneous thermal catalytic processes. However, it is burdened with intrinsic energy losses, operating at a Li plating potential. In this work, we survey the periodic table to understand the fundamental features that make Li stand out. Through density functional theory calculations and experimentation on chemistries analogous to lithium (e.g., Na, Mg, Ca), we find that lithium is unique in several ways. It combines a stable nitride that readily decomposes to ammonia with an ideal solid electrolyte interphase, balancing reagents at the reactive interface. We propose descriptors based on simulated formation and binding energies of key intermediates and further on hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB principle) to generalize such features. The survey will help the community toward electrochemical systems beyond Li for nitrogen fixation.

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Section: Are We Plating Metals?mentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Why Is LI So Special? – Interpretation and Model Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Searching for the Rules of Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation

Tort,

Bagger,

Westhead

et al. 2023

ACS Catal.

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“…Fortunately, some researchers have already begun exploring these approaches. 5,26,68 The electrolyte is a critical of multivalent ion battery cells and needs to be designed carefully, as it is closely related to the exploitable charge carriers and corresponding energy densities. Commercialized energy storage systems typically contain a limited amount of electrolyte (below 5 g Ah −1 ) and require the use of pure multivalent charge carriers to ensure operation via the rocking-chair mechanism.…”

Section: Strategies Toward Practical Multivalent Ion Organic Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inspired by the numerous advantages of multivalent ion batteries, the battery community has begun to consider them from a practical perspective, particularly for future large-scale energy storage systems. 4,5 Nonetheless, unfortunately, the development of multivalent ion batteries has been hampered by the fact that their high charge densities render them sluggish in terms of charge migration in both conventional intercalation-type inorganic cathodes and liquid-state electrolytes. For instance, more than two decades since the first reliable demonstration of magnesium ion batteries, Chevrel-phase Mo 6 S 8 has continued to serve as a prototype intercalation cathode for most multivalent ion batteries due to its ability to facilitate charge redistribution within the soft sulfide (or selenium in the case of Mo 6 Se 8 ) anionic frameworks compared to their oxide-based cathode counterparts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, the intrinsic stability of Zn metal in aqueous electrolytes suggests the worthiness of further research on the use thereof to develop safer energy storage systems based on aqueous media. Inspired by the numerous advantages of multivalent ion batteries, the battery community has begun to consider them from a practical perspective, particularly for future large-scale energy storage systems. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward Practical Multivalent Ion Batteries with Quinone-Based Organic Cathodes

Hwang,

Kim,

Choi

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Multivalent ion batteries have emerged as promising solutions to meet the future demands of energy storage applications, offering not only high energy density but also diverse socio-economic advantages. Among the various options for cathodes, quinone-based organic compounds have gained attention as suitable active materials for multivalent ion batteries due to their well-aligned ion channels, flexible structures, and competitive electrochemical performance. However, the charge carriers associated with anions that are often exploited in multivalent ion battery systems operate by way of a “non-rocking-chair” mechanism, which requires the use of an excess amount of electrolyte and results in a significant decrease in the energy density. In this review, by categorizing the various charge carriers exploited in previous studies on multivalent ion batteries, we summarize recently reported quinone-based organic cathodes for multivalent ion batteries and emphasize the importance of accurately identifying the charge carriers for calculating the energy density. We also propose potential future directions toward the practical realization of multivalent ion batteries, in link with their efficient energy storage applications.

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Understanding the Cathode‐Electrolyte Interfacial Chemistry in Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries

Shi,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) have garnered significant attention due to their potential to provide high energy density, utilize earth‐abundant raw materials, and employ metal anode safely. Currently, the lack of applicable cathode materials has become one of the bottleneck issues for fully exploiting the technological advantages of RMBs. Recent studies on Mg cathodes reveal divergent storage performance depending on the electrolyte formulation, posing interfacial issues as a previously overlooked challenge. This minireview begins with an introduction of representative cathode‐electrolyte interfacial phenomena in RMBs, elaborating on the unique solvation behavior of Mg2+, which lays the foundation for interfacial chemistries. It is followed by presenting recently developed strategies targeting the promotion of Mg2+ desolvation in the electrolyte and alternative cointercalation approaches to circumvent the desolvation step. In addition, efforts to enhance the cathode‐electrolyte compatibility via electrolyte development and interfacial engineering are highlighted. Based on the abovementioned discussions, this minireview finally puts forward perspectives and challenges on the establishment of a stable interface and fast interfacial chemistry for RMBs.

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A practical perspective on the potential of rechargeable Mg batteries

Abstract: Emerging energy storage systems based on abundant and cost-effective materials are key to overcome the global energy and climate crisis of the 21st century.

Cited by 29 publications

References 139 publications

Searching for the Rules of Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation

Searching for the Rules of Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation

Toward Practical Multivalent Ion Batteries with Quinone-Based Organic Cathodes

Understanding the Cathode‐Electrolyte Interfacial Chemistry in Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries

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