A practical method for the energy rating of c‐Si photovoltaic modules based on standard tests

Kenny, Robert P.; Dunlop, Ewan D.; Ossenbrink, H.; Müllejans, Harald

doi:10.1002/pip.658

Cited by 63 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Rosella and Ibáñez (2006) proposed a variation of STC measurements for determining a more realistic method. Nevertheless, performing test at STC is a good way for comparing different modules under the same conditions (Kenny et al, 2006).…”

Section: Indoor and Outdoor Power Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early degradation of silicon PV modules and guaranty conditions

et al. 2011

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The fast growth of PV installed capacity in Spain has led to an increase in the demand for analysis of installed PV modules. One of the topics that manufacturers, promoters, and owners of the plants are more interested in is the possible degradation of PV modules. This paper presents some findings of PV plant evaluations carried out during last years. This evaluation usually consists of visual inspections, I-Vcurve field measurements (the whole plant or selected areas), thermal evaluations by IR imaging and, in some cases, measurements of the I-V characteristics and thermal behaviours of selected modules in the plant, chosen by the laboratory. Electroluminescence technique is also used as a method for detecting defects in PV modules. It must be noted that new defects that arise when the module is in operation may appear in modules initially defect-free (called hidden manufacturing defects). Some of these hidden defects that only appear in normal operation are rarely detected in reliability tests (IEC61215 or IEC61646) due to the different operational conditions of the module in the standard tests and in the field (serial-parallel connection of many PV modules, power inverter influence, overvoltage on wires, etc.).

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Section: Indoor and Outdoor Power Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early degradation of silicon PV modules and guaranty conditions

et al. 2011

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“…The energy rating procedure already adopted at ESTI [2] For what concerns the outdoor field, many data were already available, acquired by an existing setup for long term measurements; however a new upgraded energy rating system (called "new-ENRA") has been recently installed at ESTI [4,5].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performance of a PV module at STC [1] is a useful indicator for comparing the peak performance of different module types, but on its own is not sufficient to accurately predict how much energy a module will deliver in the field when subjected to a wide range of real operating conditions [2]. An Energy Rating approach has to be preferred for that aim.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardization of the energy performance of photovoltaic modules in real operating conditions

Viganó

Kenny

Müllejans

et al. 2014

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. The performance of a PV module at STC [1] is a useful indicator for comparing the peak performance of different module types, but on its own is not sufficient to accurately predict how much energy a module will deliver in the field when subjected to a wide range of real operating conditions [2]. An Energy Rating approach has to be preferred for that aim. It is currently under development the standard series IEC 61853 on Energy Rating, for which only part 1 [3] has been issued. It describes methods to characterize the module performance as a function of irradiance and temperature. The reproducibility of the power matrix measurements obtained by the three different methods specified in the standard, namely: under natural sunlight using a tracking system; under natural sunlight without tracker; and a large area pulsed solar simulator of Class AAA were evaluated and discussed [4,5]. The work here presented is focused on the second method listed above, which explores the real working conditions for a PV device and therefore it represents the situation where Energy Rating procedures are expected to give the largest deviations from the STC predictions. The system for continuous monitoring of module performances, already implemented at ESTI, has been recently replaced with a new system having a number of improvements described in the following. The two system results have been compared showing a discrete compatibility. The two power matrices are then merged together using a weighted average and compared to those acquired with the other two remaining "ideal" systems. An interesting tendency seems to come up from this comparison, making the power rating under real operating conditions an essential procedure for energy rating purposes.

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“…The photovoltaic module temperature T module (K) depends on the ambient temperature T amb (K) and the solar irradiance G (W/m 2 ) [8]. It can be expressed as:…”

Section: Module Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of photovoltaic modules based on climatic measurement data

Laronde

Charki

Bigaud

2010

Int. J. Metrol. Qual. Eng.

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Abstract. In the building domain, components or equipment are often subjected to severe environmental conditions. In order to predict the reliability and the life-time of such equipment, accelerated life testing can be carried out. Severe conditions are applied to accelerate the ageing of the components and the reliability at nominal conditions is then deduced considering that these nominal conditions are not constant but stochastic. In this paper, the accelerated life testing of photovoltaic modules is carried out at severe module temperature levels. The module power losses are monitored and the limit state is determined when a threshold power is reached. The stochastic data and the reliability are simulated during a period of twenty years. Finally, the life time of the component is evaluated.

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A practical method for the energy rating of c‐Si photovoltaic modules based on standard tests

Cited by 63 publications

References 7 publications

Early degradation of silicon PV modules and guaranty conditions

Early degradation of silicon PV modules and guaranty conditions

Standardization of the energy performance of photovoltaic modules in real operating conditions

Reliability of photovoltaic modules based on climatic measurement data

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