A Practical Integrated Approach to Supramolecular Chemistry III. Thermodynamics of Inclusion Phenomena

Abstract

2. This complex is a component of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication possessing analgesic and antipyretic properties.3. The chemical name for mordant yellow 7 is 2-hydroxy-3methyl-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo] benzoic acid, disodium salt.4. The chemical name of Biebrich scarlet is 2-[(2-hydroxy-1naphthalenyl)azo]-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo] benzenesulfonic acid, disodium salt. The structure is shown in Table 4.5. The azo-dye mordant yellow 7 is not used (20, 21), having been removed from chemical catalogs.6. The chemical name for mordant orange 10 is 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-5- [[4-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]phenyl]azo]benzoic acid, disodium salt.7. The chemical name for mordant yellow 10 is 2-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]benzoic acid, disodium salt.

Carotenoids and β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes: Raman Spectroscopy and Theoretical Investigation

“…The formation of inclusion compounds between β-CD and carotenoids is achieved by a quite complex mechanism, which involves, besides other steps, the water removal from CD cavity and accommodation of the guest molecule that decreases the total energy of the system, contributing to the spontaneity of the whole process. 41 Other factors, such as hydrogen bonding, change in the surface tension, van der Waals interactions and ring strain releasing will also influence the final complex formation. The inclusion phenomenon is usually a concentrationdependent process and the host/guest molar ratio is significant; it is possible that in solution the guest molecule interacts with other parts of the CD surface and thus generates agglomerates through self-association process.…”

“…The formation of inclusion compounds between β-CD and carotenoids is achieved by a quite complex mechanism, which involves, besides other steps, the water removal from CD cavity and accommodation of the guest molecule that decreases the total energy of the system, contributing to the spontaneity of the whole process . Other factors, such as hydrogen bonding, change in the surface tension, van der Waals interactions and ring strain releasing will also influence the final complex formation.…”

Resorcin[4]arenes: A Convenient Scaffold To Study Supramolecular Self-Assembly and Host:Guest Interactions for the Undergraduate Curriculum

“…In addition, supramolecular chemistry bridges all of the traditional fields of chemistry as well as biochemistry, and is therefore a valuable tool to demonstrate to students the interdisciplinary nature of modern chemistry. Despite their potential to incorporate supramolecular chemistry into appropriate second-year undergraduate-level courses such as introductory analytical and organic chemistry, until recently most supramolecular experiments focused on advanced concepts in physical or inorganic chemistry, with few exercises geared toward lower-division organic courses . Given the value and importance of incorporating lessons on supramolecular chemistry into the undergraduate curriculum, more experiments are needed that are appropriate for lower-division students.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Calixarene Tetraethers: An Exercise in Supramolecular Chemistry for the Undergraduate Organic Laboratory

“…They are less widely studied in organic chemistry classes, although supramolecular catalysts, such as crown ethers (Figure a), which sequester cations and allow anions to serve as “free” nucleophiles in substitution reactions, are often discussed. In this Journal , laboratory exercises that explore host–guest chemistry are largely confined to the physical chemistry laboratory; these have employed UV–visible spectrophotometry to explore the ability of cyclodextrins (cyclic oligosaccharides, Figure b) and crown ethers to bind to small guest ions and molecules. , Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used in one of these exercises to note the changes in the spectrum of a guest molecule upon complexation with cyclodextrin…”