A Practical Approach to Estimating Scour Depths at Bridge Abutments

Ettema, Robert; Yorozuya, Atsuhiro; Nakato, Tatsuaki; Muste, Marian

doi:10.1061/40856(200)174

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Given that the existing analytical, experimental and numerical simulation predictions of scour are still limited and often unreliable (Fael et al, 2006), continuous bridge monitoring is of great importance to ensure that foundations and embankments are not imperilled by various and often rapidly developing scour processes. The need for monitoring is actually greater for bridges over small waterways because scour processes are exacerbated by the close proximity of abutments, piers, channel banks, approach embankments and other local obstructions (Ettema et al, 2005). Consequently, the county road department bridge inspectors in Iowa inspect bridges biennially (IDOT, 2006b,a).…”

Section: Bridge Waterwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital mapping of riverine waterway hydrodynamic and geomorphic features

Hauet

Muste

2009

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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International audienceThis paper proposes an innovative, non-intrusive method for mapping waterway characteristics in riverine areas. The technique uses photogrammetry to provide quantitative information about the dry area in the vicinity of the waterways (banks and floodplain) and image processing algorithms to characterize the flow. Riverside images of a riverine area are decomposed into quasi-planar areas and ortho-rectified and re-assembled to obtain a panoramic ortho-view of the area of interest. Morphological features of interest (such as river bank positions, flood plain edges, mud deposits, vegetation and erosion patterns) are then identified on the ortho-view and mapped digitally. Image sequences of the river flow are recorded, allowing a surface velocity analysis to be obtained through Large Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV). Finally, the mapped elements and the surface velocities are displayed together in a GIS-like visualization. Through the presentation of a case study of a flood event at a culvert site, this paper demonstrates the capability of the technique to monitor characteristics of waterways over time. The method is inexpensive (a conventional video or digital camera can be used), fast and requires minimum preparation. It can be applied in such important river-related research areas as morphodynamic and sediment transport studies. It also fosters an improved understanding of the coupling between the river and its banks, which is essential for river restoration and eco-habitat studies. The present methodology is readily available for implementation in routine bridge inspections, fitted with an easy-to-use graphical interface

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Section: Bridge Waterwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital mapping of riverine waterway hydrodynamic and geomorphic features

Hauet

Muste

2009

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…Scour and its effect on bridge piers and abutments have been investigated with various technologies, including field measurements, 5–7 laboratory measurements, 8 empirical and semi-empirical analyses, 9,10 and numerical simulations. 11–15 These studies laid down groundwork for the development of scour design guidelines, monitoring regulations, and computer programs by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), 3–6,16 various state Departments of Transportation, 17 and international communities. 18…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 According to Hydraulic Engineering Circular 23 (HEC-23), 3 scour monitoring methods can be classified into three groups: portable instruments, fixed instruments, and others. Their advantages and disadvantages can be found from Schall and Price 7 and Ettema et al 17 Some of the main technologies are compared in Table 1 in terms of cost, measurement accuracy, durability, ease in installation, and applicability in various environments. 7,17 Many of the existing technologies cannot provide the mission critical data—maximum scour depth due to unknown scour locations and refilled scour holes and are difficult to survive the harsh environment (debris/ice/muddy water/current) during a flood event.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their advantages and disadvantages can be found from Schall and Price 7 and Ettema et al 17 Some of the main technologies are compared in Table 1 in terms of cost, measurement accuracy, durability, ease in installation, and applicability in various environments. 7,17 Many of the existing technologies cannot provide the mission critical data—maximum scour depth due to unknown scour locations and refilled scour holes and are difficult to survive the harsh environment (debris/ice/muddy water/current) during a flood event. In addition, almost all the existing technologies are applicable only in normal operations of bridges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maximum scour depth based on magnetic field change in smart rocks for foundation stability evaluation of bridges

Chen

Schafer

Lin

et al. 2014

Structural Health Monitoring

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Scour was responsible for most of the US bridges that collapsed during the past 40 years. Due to erosion and refilling of riverbed deposits under strong current, the maximum scour depth is difficult to measure with existing technologies during a flood event. In this study, a new methodology is proposed to embed permanent magnets in a natural rock and integrate the so-called smart rock into the process of bridge scour for real-time monitoring. Once properly designed, the smart rock can continually fall into the bottom of a gradually growing scour hole during a flood event and thus register the maximum scour depth. Emphasis in this study is placed on the working principle of smart rocks, the maximum measurement distance with a magnetometer, and various calibration and validation tests. It was demonstrated that the magnetic field intensity is a function of measurement distance and magnet orientation and, once calibrated, can be strongly correlated with the increase in scour depth over time.

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“…The complexity of abutment scour processes has made it difficult to formulate prediction methods, and few would dispute the above assessment by Ettema et al (1). Current scour prediction equations largely consist of semiempirical relations developed from simplified laboratory investigations (2), and the performance of these equations can vary (3)(4)(5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Upper Bound of Abutment Scour in Laboratory and Field Data

Benedict

2016

Transportation Research Record

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The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation, conducted a field investigation of abutment scour in South Carolina and used those data to develop envelope curves that define the upper bound of abutment scour. To expand on this previous work, an additional cooperative investigation was initiated to combine the South Carolina data with abutment scour data from other sources and evaluate upper bound patterns with this larger data set. To facilitate this analysis, 446 laboratory and 331 field measurements of abutment scour were compiled into a digital database. This extensive database was used to evaluate the South Carolina abutment scour envelope curves and to develop additional envelope curves that reflected the upper bound of abutment scour depth for the laboratory and field data. The envelope curves provide simple but useful supplementary tools for assessing the potential maximum abutment scour depth in the field setting.

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A Practical Approach to Estimating Scour Depths at Bridge Abutments

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Digital mapping of riverine waterway hydrodynamic and geomorphic features

Digital mapping of riverine waterway hydrodynamic and geomorphic features

Maximum scour depth based on magnetic field change in smart rocks for foundation stability evaluation of bridges

Upper Bound of Abutment Scour in Laboratory and Field Data

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