A practical appearance model for dynamic facial color

Jiménez, Jorge; Scully, Timothy; Barbosa, Nuno; Donner, Craig; Alvarez, Xenxo; Vieira, Teresa; Matts, Paul J.; Orvalho, Verónica; Gutiérrez, Diego; Weyrich, Tim

doi:10.1145/1866158.1866167

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In fact, only recently have computer graphics researchers started to look more closely into the hyperspectral domain, spanning from the ultraviolet (UV) to the infrared (IR) regions of the light spectrum, in order to broaden the scope of traditional rendering frameworks [Kim et al 2012]. Accordingly, existing skin appearance models have been primarily employed in image synthesis applications (e.g., Donner et al [2008] and Jimenez et al [2010]) as well as in biomedical investigations (e.g., Baranoski et al [2012a] and Cavalcanti et al [2013]) centered on the visible appearance attributes of human skin. However, there are relevant avenues of research associated with skin appearance modeling that remain unexplored, notably involving the hyperspectral simulation of light and skin interactions and the modeling of aging and weathering phenomena, a forefront topic in the pursuit of realism [Dorsey et al 2007;Mérillou and Ghazanfarpour 2008].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperspectral Modeling of Skin Appearance

et al. 2015

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Exploration of the hyperspectral domain offers a host of new research and application possibilities involving material appearance modeling. In this article, we address these prospects with respect to human skin, one of the most ubiquitous materials portrayed in synthetic imaging. We present the first hyperspectral model designed for the predictive rendering of skin appearance attributes in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared domains. The proposed model incorporates the intrinsic bio-optical properties of human skin affecting light transport in these spectral regions, including the particle nature and distribution patterns of the main light attenuation agents found within the cutaneous tissues. Accordingly, it accounts for phenomena that significantly affect skin spectral signatures, both within and outside the visible domain, such as detour and sieve effects, that are overlooked by existing skin appearance models. Using a first-principles approach, the proposed model computes the surface and subsurface scattering components of skin reflectance taking into account not only the wavelength and the illumination geometry, but also the positional dependence of the reflected light. Hence, the spectral and spatial distributions of light interacting with human skin can be comprehensively represented in terms of hyperspectral reflectance and BSSRDF, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperspectral Modeling of Skin Appearance

et al. 2015

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“…Such work includes increasingly realistic display and animation of the human form, not only of the body itself but of clothes and other attachments [Stoll et al 2010;Lee et al 2010]. In this effort, the face may be a particular area of focus-perhaps the new window to the "virtual soul," at least until the rendering of eyes alone can capture the richness and depth of human emotion [Chun et al 2007;Jimenez et al 2010].…”

Section: Realismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the visual side, capturing the actual facial expression of the user at a given moment [Chandrasiri et al 2004;Chun et al 2007;Bradley et al 2010] serves as an ideal complement to aforementioned facial rendering algorithms [Jimenez et al 2010] and effectively removes artificial indirection or mediation via keyboard or mouse for facial expressions between real and virtual environments. Some work covers the whole cycle, again indicative of the synergy between capture and presentation [Sung and Kim 2009].…”

Section: Realismmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Virtual worlds and the metaverse

2013

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Moving from a set of independent virtual worlds to an integrated network of 3D virtual worlds or Metaverse rests on progress in four areas: immersive realism, ubiquity of access and identity, interoperability, and scalability. For each area, the current status and needed developments in order to achieve a functional Metaverse are described. Factors that support the formation of a viable Metaverse, such as institutional and popular interest and ongoing improvements in hardware performance, and factors that constrain the achievement of this goal, including limits in computational methods and unrealized collaboration among virtual world stakeholders and developers, are also considered.

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“…Our hemoglobin estimation method is inspired by others [Jimenez et al 2010;Tsumura et al 2003;Tsumura et al 1999]. It closely relates to that of Tsumura et al [1999], in that we use a negative log color space analysis, with the assumption that a simple LambertBeer scattering law explains skin color.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At run time, we adjust the color of skin in the log-color space using the absorption properties of hemoglobin (estimated from our example images). In contrast, Jimenez et al [2010] produce skin color variations with a lookup table indexed by hemoglobin and melanin concentrations. Their objective is to model the appearance of dynamic faces using a skin appearance rig, and they use hemoglobin maps to control skin color, permitting variation of appearance under the deformation of different blend shapes, or due to other conditions, such as exercise or alcohol consumption.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data-driven Fingertip Appearance for Interactive Hand Simulation

Andrews

Jarvis

Kry

2013

Proceedings of Motion on Games

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Contact on a finger pad results in deformation that redistributes blood within the fingertip tissue in a manner correlated to the pressure. We build a data-driven model that relates contact information to the visible changes of the finger nail and surrounding tissue on the back of the finger tip. Our data analysis and model construction makes use of the space of hemoglobin concentrations, as opposed to an RGB color space, which permits the model to be transferred across different fingers and different people. We use principal component analysis to build a compact model which maps well to graphics hardware with an efficient fragment program implementation. We provide a validation of our model, and a demonstration of a grasping controller running in a physically based simulation, where grip strength is visible in both hand posture and the appearance of color changes at the fingertips.

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A practical appearance model for dynamic facial color

Cited by 24 publications

References 37 publications

Hyperspectral Modeling of Skin Appearance

Hyperspectral Modeling of Skin Appearance

3D Virtual worlds and the metaverse

Data-driven Fingertip Appearance for Interactive Hand Simulation

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