A potential tumor marker: Chaperonin containing TCP‑1 controls the development of malignant tumors (Review)

Abstract

Due to concealment, high invasiveness and a lack of indicators, malignant tumors have emerged as one of the deadliest diseases worldwide and their incidence is rising yearly. Research has revealed that the chaperonin family member, chaperonin containing TCP-1 (CCT), serves a crucial role in malignant tumors. CCT is involved in the growth of numerous malignant tumors such as lung cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer and assists the folding of a number of proteins linked to cancer, such as KRAS, p53 and STAT3. According to clinical data, CCT is highly expressed in a range of tumor cells and is associated with poor patient prognosis. In addition, through controlling the cell cycle or interacting with other proteins (including YAP1, HoXB2 and SMAD2), CCT has an effect on the proliferation, invasion and migration of cancer cells. As a result, it is possible that CCT will become a new tumor marker or therapeutic target, which will provide some guidance for early tumor screening or late tumor prognosis. In the present review, the molecular properties of CCT are introduced, alongside a summary of its interactions with other cancer-related proteins and a discussion of its function in common malignant tumors. It is expected that the present review will offer fresh approaches to the treatment of cancer.

Regulation of Epithelial and Endothelial Barriers by Molecular Chaperones

“…The described Drosophila study implicating TRiC/CCT in the regulation of epithelial repair is in line with different reports of this chaperonin’s pro-metastatic function in cancer. Indeed, increased expression of different CCT subunits is a characteristic feature of many solid tumors, which plays a causal role in promoting tumor cell invasion and metastasis [ 201 , 212 ]. While nothing is known about the roles of the TRiC/CCT chaperonin in controlling the integrity and permeability of mammalian epithelial and vascular barriers, such regulatory roles were suggested by recent interactome analyses of apical junctional complexes.…”

Chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 6A may activate Notch and Wnt pathways to facilitate the malignant behaviors and cancer stemness in oral squamous cell carcinoma

“…Chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 6A (CCT6A), belonging to the chaperonin containing TCP1 (CCT) family, participates in intracellular protein folding and aggregation. 8 , 9 Recently, CCT6A has been uncovered as a new oncogene that participates in the initiation of various cancers. 10–17 For instance, CCT6A activates the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway and promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration.…”