A Potential Synbiotic Strategy for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: Lactobacillus paracasei JY062 and Exopolysaccharide Isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum JY039

Abstract

The disturbance of intestinal microorganisms and the exacerbation of type 2 diabetes (T2D) are mutually influenced. In this study, the effect of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Lactobacillus plantarum JY039 on the adhesion of Lactobacillus paracasei JY062 was investigated, as well as their preventive efficacy against T2D. The results showed that the EPS isolated from L. plantarum JY039 effectively improved the adhesion rate of L. paracasei JY062 to Caco-2 cells (1.8 times) and promoted the proliferation of L. paracasei JY062. In the mice experiment, EPS, L. paracasei JY062 and their complex altered the structure of the intestinal microbiota, which elevated the proportion of Bifidobacterium, Faecalibaculum, while inversely decreasing the proportion of Firmicutes, Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae and other bacteria involved in energy metabolism (p < 0.01; p < 0.05); enhanced the intestinal barrier function; promoted secretion of the gut hormone peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1); and reduced inflammation by balancing pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, TNF-α and anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 (p < 0.01; p < 0.05). These results illustrate that EPS and L. paracasei JY062 have the synbiotic potential to prevent and alleviate T2D.

Preclinical Studies of Natural Products Targeting the Gut Microbiota: Beneficial Effects on Diabetes

“…As described above, the gut microbiota is an important player in the physiology and pathology of DM. Therefore, many animal and clinical experiments are conducted to explore preventive and therapeutic strategies for DM that target the gut microbiota. − Meaningfully, some foods and herbal medicines have been shown to have beneficial uses for different types of DM. − They contain abundant natural products and exert antidiabetic effects by improving the intestinal microecological environment (Figure ).…”

The Gut Microbiota Influenced by the Intake of Probiotics and Functional Foods with Prebiotics Can Sustain Wellness and Alleviate Certain Ailments like Gut-Inflammation and Colon-Cancer

“…Disturbances in the gut microbiota can aggravate Type 2 Diabetes (T2D); however, the gut microbiota could also be affected in a patient with T2D. In a recently published report, the effect of exopolysaccharides synthesized by a strain of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum on the adhesion of cells of another LAB, Lactobacillus paracasei , was studied [ 75 ].…”

“…A report by Zhao et al [ 75 ] indicated the combined function of EPS and a probiotic strain as symbiotic in alleviating T2D. By balancing the pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α with the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, inflammation could be considerably reduced.…”

The Role of Nutritional Factors in the Modulation of the Composition of the Gut Microbiota in People with Autoimmune Diabetes

“…Synbiotic yoghurt favorably modulated the composition of the intestinal microbiota and protected the morphology of the pancreatic islets, thus preventing hyperglycemia through the microbiome-gut-pancreas axis. In diabetic mice, the administration of a synbiotic (polysaccharides isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum JY039 and Lactobacillus paracasei JY062) modified the intestinal microbiome, primarily causing an increase in the number of Bifidobacterium and Faecalibaculum and a reduction in Firmicutes, Muribaculaceae, and Lachnospiraceae [212]. The symbiotic also improved the functioning of other bacteria, which take part in metabolism within the intestinal tract, and it reduced inflammation by balancing the pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α and the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 [212].…”