A potential refinery process of light–light naphtha olefins conversion to valuable oxygenated products in aqueous media – Part 1: Biphasic hydroformylation

Kokkinos, Nikolaos C.; Kazou, Evaggelia; Lazaridou, Anastasia; Papadopoulos, Christos E.; Psaroudakis, Nikolas; Mertis, Konstantinos; Νικολάου, Νικόλαος

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2012.08.040

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…RhCl 3 ·3H 2 O and TPPTS were purchased from Alfa Aesar and used as catalyst precursor and ligand for hydroformylation reactions, respectively (Kokkinos et al 2013). For the gaseous phase of the hydroformylation reactions, CO/H 2 (1/1) was used without further purification (Kokkinos et al 2013). For hydrogenation reactions, RuCl 3 ·xH 2 O (Aldrich) was used as catalyst precursor (Kokkinos et al 2013, Kokkinos et al 2015.…”

Section: Materials and Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the gaseous phase of the hydroformylation reactions, CO/H 2 (1/1) was used without further purification (Kokkinos et al 2013). For hydrogenation reactions, RuCl 3 ·xH 2 O (Aldrich) was used as catalyst precursor (Kokkinos et al 2013, Kokkinos et al 2015. For the gaseous phase of the hydrogenation reactions, hydrogen 5.0 N was used without further purification.…”

Section: Materials and Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toluene extra pure (Merck) was used as solvent in both reactions. All gases (CO/H 2 ϭ 1/1, hydrogen, nitrogen, argon, zero air, and helium 5.0N) were purchased from Aeroscopio Hellas and Axarlis (Kokkinos et al 2013). Na 2 SO 4 was used for drying and was obtained from Panreac.…”

Section: Materials and Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All reactions were performed in 100 mL Autoclave Engineers batch reactor (URC, 316 LSS) and for the chemical analysis a Perkin Elmer 8700 GC/FID along with an Agilent 6890 N/5973 N GC/MS system with Petrocol DH 150 capillary column were used (Kokkinos et al 2013). The GC temperature program (hold 5 min at 40°C, 2°C min Ϫ1 till 200°C and hold 45 min; helium flow rate 20 cm/sec at 175°C and 65 psig) and the clean program of the column (230°C for 180 min, inlet and FID temperature both at 280°C ) were configured according to Kokkinos et al (2013).…”

Section: Materials and Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, an environmentally friendly two-step synthesis of an upgraded LLCN that could replace the harmful TAME from the refinery blended gasoline pool is being investigated by our research group (Kokkinos et al 2013, Kokkinos et al 2009, Kokkinos et al 2011, Kokkinos et al 2015). In the current research work, an A-Z overview of the upgrade process of a real LLCN from the Aspropyrgos refinery in Greece takes place (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Environmentally Benign Catalytic Process Enhances in Situ the Quality of Gasoline

Kokkinos

Mitropoulos

Νικολάου

2015

Day 1 Mon, November 09, 2015

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In the present research work an in situ conversion process of light-light cracked naphtha (LLCN) to strong anti-knocking mixtures is proposed as a potential solution to the serious drawbacks from the use of gasoline ether oxygenates (MTBE, ETBE, TAME) from the refineries.Aqueous biphasic Rh/TPPTS-catalysed hydroformylation reaction of olefins present in a Greek refinery naphtha cut comprises the first part of the two-step proposed process. The second part of the proposed LLCN upgrade process is the in situ hydrogenation of the produced aldehydes to the corresponding alcohols catalysed by Ru/TPPTS complex in aqueous media. Both catalytic systems of Rh/TPPTS and Ru/TPPTS were revealed as effective catalytic systems for biphasic hydroformylation and biphasic hydrogenation of complicated mixtures, respectively. The effect of the pressure, temperature and time of the reactions, as well as the influence of the L/Me molar ratio were investigated.In the first step (hydroformylation reaction) as well as in the second step (hydrogenation reaction) the highest conversion of more than 95% of the olefins and aldehydes respectively was observed at mild conditions, at a short reaction time. The upgraded LLCN could potentially replace the harmful gasoline ether oxygenates from the refinery blended gasoline pools with an in situ and an environmentally friendly catalytic process. Therefore, the ultimate fuel will contain more oxygen, due to the producing favourable strong anti-knocking alcohol mixtures; it will have better combustion properties and bigger octane numbers.

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