A Potential Link between Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Bullous Pemphigoid: Six New Cases and a Systematic Review of the Literature

Nakane, Shunya; Izumi, Yuishin; Oda, Masaya; Kaji, Ryuji; Matsuo, Hidenori

doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.55.5578

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Many studies noted that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is associated with BP [23–26]. Some studies have shown an association between multiple sclerosis and BP [27–30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Neurological Disorders in Bullous Pemphigoid Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Khosravani

Handjani

Alimohammadi

et al. 2017

International Scholarly Research Notices

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Background Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering skin disorder which occurs mostly in the elderly. Several studies have reported an association between BP and neurological disorders (ND). Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between BP and neurological disorders in Iranian patients. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 87 patients with BP were enrolled. They were compared to 184 controls. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS statistical software version 19. Results Out of 87 patients with BP, 17 (19.5%) had at least one neurological disease. Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) was the most common neurological disease that was seen in 7 patients (8.0%) in the case group and 4 (2.1%) in the control group. The incidence of CVA was significantly different between BP patients and the control group (P = 0.022). Dementia was observed in 6 patients in the case group (16.8%) and 2 (1.0%) in the control group. The incidence of dementia was significantly different between BP patients and the control group (P = 0.008). In this study, the incidences of Parkinson's disease (P = 0.830), epilepsy (P = 0.067), and multiple sclerosis (P = 0.326) were not statistically significant between the two groups. Conclusion The incidence of CVA and dementia in patients with BP compared to the control group was significantly higher.

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“…Many studies noted that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is associated with BP [23–26]. Some studies have shown an association between multiple sclerosis and BP [27–30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Neurological Disorders in Bullous Pemphigoid Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Khosravani

Handjani

Alimohammadi

et al. 2017

International Scholarly Research Notices

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“…Riluzole (RZ) is the only available drug used for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and diseases like Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and other mood ISSN 2056-9890 and anxiety disorders (Nakane et al, 2016). Even though riluzole is a most important pharmaceutical drug (Doble, 1996), no crystal structure of pure riluzole has been obtained to date, although several methods have been tried in the past (Mondal, Rao, et al, 2017;Mondal et al, 2018;Thomas et al, 2019;Yadav et al, 2018).…”

Section: Chemical Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal structure analysis of the biologically active drug molecule riluzole and riluzolium chloride

et al. 2019

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This study is an investigation into the crystal structure of the biologically active drug molecule riluzole [RZ, 6-(trifluoromethoxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine], C8H5F3N2OS, and its derivative, the riluzolium chloride salt [RZHCl, 2-amino-6-(trifluoromethoxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium chloride], C8H6F3N2OS+·Cl−. In spite of repeated efforts to crystallize the drug, its crystal structure has not been reported to date, hence the current study provides a method for obtaining crystals of both riluzole and its corresponding salt, riluzolium hydrochloride. The salt was obtained by grinding HCl with the drug and crystallizing the obtained solid from dichloromethane. The crystals of riluzole were obtained in the presence of L-glutamic acid and D-glutamic acid in separate experiments. In the crystal structure of RZHCl, the –OCF3 moiety is perpendicular to the molecular plane containing the riluzolium ion, as can be seen by the torsion angle of 107.4 (3)°. In the case of riluzole, the torsion angles of the four different molecules in the asymmetric unit show that in three cases the trifluoromethoxy group is perpendicular to the riluzole molecular plane and only in one molecule does the –OCF3 group lie in the same molecular plane. The crystal structure of riluzole primarily consists of strong N—H...N hydrogen bonds along with weak C—H...F, C—H...S, F...F, C...C and C...S interactions, while that of its salt is stabilized by strong [N—H]+...Cl− and weak C—H...Cl−, N—H...S, C—H...F, C...C, S...N and S...Cl− interactions.

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“…Subsequent characterization of these co-crystals in solution may result in concomitant modifications in the solubility and dissolution rates of this drug, and such studies are of extreme interest in the drug industry. This is the only available drug for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and is also used to treat several diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and mood and anxiety disorders. − Riluzole is a benzothiazole derivative (2-amino-6-(trifluoromethoxy)benzothiazole) and consists of an amino group, a nitrogen atom on the ring, and an oxygen atom that are capable of forming strong hydrogen bonding interactions. However, the sulfur atom and the three fluorine atoms present in the molecule can act as hydrogen bond acceptors and can form weak intermolecular interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Solid State Diversity and Solution Characteristics in a Fluorine-Containing Drug Riluzole

Mondal

Rao

Mittapalli

et al. 2017

Crystal Growth & Design

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Solvent drop grinding experiments on riluzole, an organofluorine drug, with different carboxylic acids (mono and di) and pyridine derivatives, resulted in the formation of 10 different co-crystals, one polymorph of a co-crystal, and a salt. The crystal packing is primarily stabilized via strong N−H•••O, O−H•••N, O−H•••O, and N−H•••N hydrogen bonds, in addition to secondary interactions of the type C− H•••F/O and S•••F intermolecular contacts. The melting point of the new crystalline phases was observed to be present in the range of 90−140 °C which is closely related to the melting point (118 °C) of the original API. It was observed that the cocrystals depicted enhanced the solubility and dissolution rate in comparison to that of the free drug.

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A Potential Link between Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Bullous Pemphigoid: Six New Cases and a Systematic Review of the Literature

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Frequency of Neurological Disorders in Bullous Pemphigoid Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Frequency of Neurological Disorders in Bullous Pemphigoid Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Crystal structure analysis of the biologically active drug molecule riluzole and riluzolium chloride

Exploring Solid State Diversity and Solution Characteristics in a Fluorine-Containing Drug Riluzole

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