In this paper, the authors established a unified framework for deriving and analyzing a posteriori error estimators for finite volume methods for the Stokes equations. The a posteriori error estimators are residual based and are applicable to various finite volume methods for the Stokes equations. In particular, the unified theoretical analysis works well for finite volume schemes arising from using trial functions of conforming, nonconforming, and discontinuous finite element functions, yielding new results that are not seen in the existing literature. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.