A Posteriori Dietary Patterns and Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity: A Beneficial Role of Vegetable and Animal Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Edefonti, Valeria; Parpinel, Maria; Ferraroni, Monica; Boracchi, Patrizia; Schioppo, Tommaso; Scotti, Isabella; Ubiali, Tania; Currenti, Walter; Lucia, Orazio De; Cutolo, Maurizio; Caporali, Roberto; Ingegnoli, Francesca

doi:10.3390/nu12123856

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Analyzing dietary patterns (rather than foods or nutrients) has been recommended as an effective method for studying diet and its relationship to health due to the complex interaction between different food components [ 26 , 27 ]. Dietary patterns can be derived using an a priori (hypothesis-driven) [ 28 ] or an a posteriori (data-driven) approach [ 18 , 29 , 30 ]. Although data-driven dietary patterns may not be as polarized as hypothesis-driven dietary patterns, they can more accurately reflect actual eating habits as combinations of food consumed in different groups of the population, rather than relying on current knowledge [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Consumption and Dietary Patterns of Local Adults Living on the Tibetan Plateau: Results from 14 Countries along the Yarlung Tsangpo River

Zhou

Liu

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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The distinct Tibetan regional diet is strongly influenced by the regional biogeography, indigenous traditions, popular religious beliefs and food taboos. In the context of the nutritional transition in Tibet, studies seldom report on the food consumption and dietary patterns of Tibetan residents. This is a cross-section study of 552 local adults (≥18 years old, 277 men and 275 women) living in 14 agricultural countries along the Yarlung Tsangpo River. Dietary intakes were assessed by a culturally specific FFQ and compared with the Chinese Dietary Pagoda (2016). Dietary Patterns were extracted by using PCA method. The binary logistic regression model was applied to assess the association between independent variables (genders, regions and age groups) and adherence to dietary patterns. With the exception of meat (100 ± 260 g/day) and soybean nuts (42 ± 12 g/day), which exceeded the recommended dietary intakes of CDP, the dietary intake of other foods were not up to the recommended value. In particular, the intake of aquatic products (2 ± 0.1 g/day), vegetables (90 ± 19 g/day), dairy products (114 ± 29 g/day), cereals (117 ± 27 g/day) and fruits (97 ± 25 g/day) were seriously inadequate, which were 95%, 70%, 62%, 53.2% and 51.5% lower than the recommended intakes, respectively. Four dietary patterns were identified. “Local traditional diet” was characterized by a high intake of tsampa (roasted highland barley flour), culturally specific beverages (sweet tea and yak buttered tea), potato and yak beef and was associated with female, rural and older adults (≥51 years old). The male, urban and 18~30 years old group had a higher adherence score with the “Han diet”, which was comprised of rice, pork, dumplings, eggs, milk and cabbage. The “Beverage diet”, which mainly include tsampa, chang (homemade barley wine) and sweet tea, was associated with the following group: female, urban and aged 18~30 years. The “Out-sourced diet” pattern, consisting of mainly rice, steam bread and some processed meat, was associated with being male, urban and 18–30 years of age. These findings indicate that the dietary practice of the Tibetan people still has strong local characteristics, but it is also undergoing a dietary transition with the penetration of the Chinese Han diet and the increased consumption of outsourced (processed) foods. The unbalanced dietary intake of Tibetan residents should be taken seriously by all parties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Consumption and Dietary Patterns of Local Adults Living on the Tibetan Plateau: Results from 14 Countries along the Yarlung Tsangpo River

Zhou

Liu

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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“…However, the amount of PUFAs was most strongly related to the consumption of walnuts and linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids, acting as possible confounding factors. In this study, consumption of PUFAs was associated with a lower degree of disease activity according to Disease Activity Score on 28 joints (DAS28), independently of antibody positivity and with higher protection in more severe or chronic forms of the disease [ 362 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Properties and Use of Extra Virgin Olive Oil in Clinical Nutrition: A Narrative Review and Literature Update

et al. 2022

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Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a cornerstone of the Mediterranean diet (MedD). In this narrative review, we synthesize and illustrate the various characteristics and clinical applications of EVOO and its components—such as oleic acid, hydroxytyrosol, and oleuropein—in the field of clinical nutrition and dietetics. The evidence is split into diet therapy, oleic acid-based enteral nutrition formulations and oral supplementation formulations, oleic acid-based parenteral nutrition, and nutraceutical supplementation of minor components of EVOO. EVOO has diverse beneficial health properties, and current evidence supports the use of whole EVOO in diet therapy and the supplementation of its minor components to improve cardiovascular health, lipoprotein metabolism, and diabetes mellitus in clinical nutrition. Nevertheless, more intervention studies in humans are needed to chisel specific recommendations for its therapeutic use through different formulations in other specific diseases and clinical populations.

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“…Increased content of the n -6 PUFA LA in the RBC membrane was found associated with reduced risk of developing RA in the EPIC cohort [ 11 ]. In a cross-sectional study of patients with confirmed RA, a dietary pattern characterized by high consumption of vegetable-derived FA (ALA and LA) was associated with reduced risk of active disease [ 37 ]. However, LA was not a main contributor to pattern ω6 in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Fatty Acid Profiles Are Associated with Disease Activity in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from the ESPOIR Cohort

et al. 2022

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Background: Long-chain omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (n-3, n-6 FAs) may modulate inflammation and affect the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, whether n-3/n-6 FA status affects RA after disease onset is unknown. This study aimed to assess whether FA profiles are independently associated with disease activity in a large prospective cohort of patients with early RA. Methods: Baseline serum FAs were quantified in 669 patients in the ESPOIR cohort. Principal component analysis identified three serum FA patterns that were rich in n-7–9, n-3 and n-6 FAs (patterns ω7–9, ω3 and ω6), respectively. The association of pattern tertiles with baseline variables and 6-month disease activity was tested using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Pattern ω3 was associated with low baseline and pattern ω6 with high baseline C-reactive protein level and disease activity. Both patterns ω3 and ω6 were associated with reduced odds of active disease after 6 months of follow-up (pattern ω3: odds ratio, tertile three vs. one, 0.49 [95% CI 0.25 to 0.97] and pattern ω6: 0.51 [0.28 to 0.95]; p = 0.04 and 0.03, respectively). Conclusions: In a cohort of early RA patients, a serum lipid profile rich in n-3 FAs was independently associated with persistently reduced disease activity between baseline and 6-month follow-up. An n-6 FA profile was also associated with lower 6-month disease activity.

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A Posteriori Dietary Patterns and Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity: A Beneficial Role of Vegetable and Animal Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Cited by 13 publications

References 64 publications

Food Consumption and Dietary Patterns of Local Adults Living on the Tibetan Plateau: Results from 14 Countries along the Yarlung Tsangpo River

Food Consumption and Dietary Patterns of Local Adults Living on the Tibetan Plateau: Results from 14 Countries along the Yarlung Tsangpo River

Therapeutic Properties and Use of Extra Virgin Olive Oil in Clinical Nutrition: A Narrative Review and Literature Update

Serum Fatty Acid Profiles Are Associated with Disease Activity in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from the ESPOIR Cohort

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