A Possible Toxic Factor in Abdominal Injury

Davis, John H.; Yull, Arthur B.

doi:10.1097/00005373-196205000-00006

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Blood in the peritoneal cavity is common after trauma or surgical procedures, and RBC are known to increase lethality in experimental peritonitis (5,6). The most prominent characteristic reported so far for the adjuvant effect of RBC or Hb in experimental peritonitis is that these adjuvants seem to significantly increase the rate of bacterial growth in vivo (10,15,24) but not in vitro (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although RBC and Hb have long been known to increase mortality in experimental bacterial peritonitis (6,8,15), all the mechanisms have not yet been clearly elucidated. Understanding how RBC increase mortality is important because peritonitis commonly occurs in situations associated with intraperitoneal hemorrhage such as trauma with bowel perforation, bowel perforation due to other forms of pathology, and following surgical procedures to the abdomen.…”

Section: ⅐ϫmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Counterprotective effect of erythrocytes in experimental bacterial peritonitis is due to scavenging of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen intermediates

et al. 1996

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Erythrocytes (RBC) in the peritoneal cavity significantly increase the lethality of bacterial peritonitis. The lethality is known to be associated with, and perhaps due to, increased bacterial counts in the peritoneal cavity. The mechanism is unknown. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that RBC scavenge reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and nitric oxide (NO), so that the counterprotective effect is due to a loss of the microbiostatic activity of both ROI and NO. To study this effect, rats were subjected to a peritoneal inoculation of live Escherichia coli without RBC (nonlethal dose) or with RBC (lethal dose). The adjuvant effect of RBC was not modified by N G-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMA, an NO synthase inhibitor), superoxide dismutase, catalase, mannitol, or a combination of these agents. Furthermore, the increased number of bacteria in the peritoneal cavity in the presence of RBC was unaffected by these treatments. The administration of NMA with bacteria alone (no RBC) converted a nonlethal model into a lethal one associated with higher intraperitoneal bacterial counts. A similar effect was seen with superoxide dismutase and catalase but not with mannitol. During bacterial peritonitis in the absence of RBC, superoxide and NO formation (determined by the total nitrite plus nitrate formed) was detected in the ascites and inducible NO synthase mRNA expression was present in the peritoneal cells. In the absence of RBC, superoxide was detected and oxidation of dihydrorhodamine to rhodamine was observed, indicating that peroxynitrite was produced. Both were blocked by the inclusion of RBC. Preinjection with a low inoculum of killed bacteria protected the rats from a subsequent lethal peritoneal bacterial challenge; this effect was reversed by scavenging ROI and NO. The protective effect of killed bacterial pretreatment was lost when RBC were placed in the peritoneal cavity. In vitro bactericidal activity of NO-and ROI-generating macrophages was also inhibited by RBC or by inhibiting ROI and NO formation. Taken together, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that RBC can impair bacterial clearance by removing both NO and ROI, suggesting that NO in combination with superoxide may be important to the antimicrobial defenses of the peritoneal cavity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ⅐ϫmentioning

confidence: 99%

Counterprotective effect of erythrocytes in experimental bacterial peritonitis is due to scavenging of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen intermediates

et al. 1996

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“…Hemostatic agents, hemoglobin, and whole blood have been shown previously to alter the infectivity of certain other microorganisms. Hemoglobin enhanced infections with E. coli (1,3,5,9,10,12,34,35) and C. perfringens (4, 33). The infection-enhancing effect of hemoglobin was found to be due to ferric ions and could be duplicated with ferric ammonium citrate (2,5,33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HILL on September 10, 2020 by guest http://iai.asm.org/ Downloaded from ENHANCED INFECTIVITY OF ANAEROBES BY PROTEINS Hemoglobin was used at a final concentration of 4 g/100 ml, as suggested by previous investigations with other organisms (1,3,10). Rabbit serum was eliminated from the thioglycolate medium used for suspension of all of the protein compounds because serum contains transferrin, which binds iron, and iron appears to be the active agent in hemoglobin that accounts for its enhancement of infectivity (2,5,33,37).…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Experimental Anaerobic Infections by Blood, Hemoglobin, and Hemostatic Agents

Hill

1978

Infect Immun

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“…Elevation of PFN levels by 24 hours occurs in a dose-dependent fashion, returning to baseline values 48 hours postinoculation. Significant mortality was observed only with high doses of E coli combined with SFH.…”

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confidence: 90%