A possible role of insulin-like growth factor-II C-peptide in regulating the function of steroidogenic cells in adult frog adrenal glands

Castillo, Songül Süren

doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2007.12.008

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Hyperglycemic stress activates a non-insulin-dependent pathway for glucose uptake in STZ rats. Cholinergic nerve stimulation by EA may play a role in that pathway by triggering the release of proteins involved in the insulin-signaling cascade, such as insulin-like growth factor and β -endorphin [13, 29]. Relative studies have also shown the non-insulin-dependent hypoglycemic effect in the μ -opioid receptor agonist tramadol [21] and mediation of the protein kinase C (PKC) in μ -opioid receptor signaling for glucose uptake in myoblast C 2 C 12 cells [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroacupuncture at the Zusanli (ST‐36) Acupoint Induces a Hypoglycemic Effect by Stimulating the Cholinergic Nerve in a Rat Model of Streptozotocine‐Induced Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Lee

Tzeng

et al. 2011

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Animal studies have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST-36) and Zhongwan (CV-12) acupoints reduces plasma glucose concentrations in rats with type II diabetes. However, whether EA reduces plasma glucose levels in type I diabetes is still unknown. In this study, we explore the various non-insulin-dependent pathways involved in EA-induced lowering of plasma glucose. Streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg kg−1, i.v.) was administered via the femoral vein to induce insulin-dependent diabetes in non-adrenalectomized and in adrenalectomomized rats. EA (15 Hz) was applied for 30 min to bilateral ST-36 acupoints after administration of Atropine (0.1 mg kg−1 i.p.), Eserine (0.01 mg kg−1 i.p.), or Hemicholinium-3 (5 μg kg−1 i.p.) in non-adrenalectomized rats. Rats administered acetylcholine (0.01 mg kg−1 i.v.) did not undergo EA. Adrenalectomized rats underwent EA at bilateral ST-36 acupoints without further treatment. Blood samples were drawn from all rats before and after EA to measure changes in plasma glucose levels. Expression of insulin signaling proteins (IRS1, AKT2) in atropine-exposed rats before and after EA was measured by western blot. Atropine and hemicholinium-3 completely blocked the plasma glucose lowering effects of EA, whereas eserine led to a significant hypoglycemic response. In addition, plasma glucose levels after administration of acetylcholine were significantly lower than the fasting glucose levels. In STZ-adrenalectomized rats, EA did not induce a hypoglycemic response. EA stimulated the expression of IRS1 and AKT2 and atropine treatment blocked the EA-induced expression of those insulin signaling proteins. Taken together, EA at the ST-36 acupoint reduces plasma glucose concentrations by stimulating the cholinergic nerves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroacupuncture at the Zusanli (ST‐36) Acupoint Induces a Hypoglycemic Effect by Stimulating the Cholinergic Nerve in a Rat Model of Streptozotocine‐Induced Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Lee

Tzeng

et al. 2011

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…Many studies have described the histological organization of the interrenal gland of anurans (Moorhouse, 1963; Hanke and Weber, 1965; Nagatsu et al, 1979; Grassi Milano and Accordi 1983; Delarue et al, 1988; Larcher et al, 1989; Nonaka et al, 1995; Castillo, 2008). However, there is no information describing the histological differences between all cell types or the anteroposterior distribution of cell types in the gland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anteroposterior variation of the cell types in the interrenal gland of the male toad Rhinella arenarum (Amphibia, Anura)

Regueira

Scaia

Volonteri

et al. 2012

Journal of Morphology

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The interrenal gland of anurans synthesizes the steroids aldosterone and corticosterone, but it is unknown whether these hormones are synthesized by the same cell type. In this work, we aim to elucidate whether there are different steroidogenic cell types and whether they have specific regionalization in the interrenal gland of the male toad Rhinella arenarum. We characterized all cell types using histological, immuhistochemical, and histochemical methods as well as transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, we evaluated the organization of the cell types in the gland and anteroposterior variations in the synthesis of the steroids. We found evidence of five cell types: two morphologically different steroidogenic cells, type 1: polyhedral cells tightly attached to each other that have spherical euchromatic nuclei and type 2: retracted cells loosely attached to each other that have oval heterochromatic nuclei. Cell type 2 is mainly observed in the inner zone of the gland. In addition, we observed two types of chromaffin cells, called type 3 and 4 cells, randomly distributed throughout the interrenal gland, as well as type 5 cells, recognized as summer cells. Morphometric analyses of the cell types in the anterior and posterior zones of the interrenal showed that the ratio "area of type 2 cells/total interrenal area" is significantly lower in the posterior zone. In vitro incubations showed that the posterior portion of the gland produces significantly higher amounts of both corticosterone and aldosterone. Overall, our results suggest that the type 2 cells are less active to synthesize both aldosterone and corticosterone, compared to type 1 cells. Unlike most previous reports on the interrenal gland of anurans, in R. arenarum there is a zonation of the steroidogenic cell types, which implies that the organ is not anteroposterior or dorsoventrally homogeneous.

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Effects of acupuncture at ST-36, SP-6 and ear shenmen on glucose levels in Wistar Rats with type two diabetes

Almaali¹,

Cani²,

Zghair³

2023

Revista Internacional de Acupuntura

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A possible role of insulin-like growth factor-II C-peptide in regulating the function of steroidogenic cells in adult frog adrenal glands

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Electroacupuncture at the Zusanli (ST‐36) Acupoint Induces a Hypoglycemic Effect by Stimulating the Cholinergic Nerve in a Rat Model of Streptozotocine‐Induced Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Electroacupuncture at the Zusanli (ST‐36) Acupoint Induces a Hypoglycemic Effect by Stimulating the Cholinergic Nerve in a Rat Model of Streptozotocine‐Induced Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Anteroposterior variation of the cell types in the interrenal gland of the male toad Rhinella arenarum (Amphibia, Anura)

Effects of acupuncture at ST-36, SP-6 and ear shenmen on glucose levels in Wistar Rats with type two diabetes

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