A Possible Role for Taurine in Osmoregulation Within the Brain

Wade, John V.; Olson, John P.; Samson, Frederick E.; Nelson, Stanley R.; Pazdernik, Thomas L.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb01807.x

Cited by 217 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Studies in cultured cortical astrocytes [25] as well as in vivo perfusion studies [32] suggest that taurine is released from astrocytes during regulatory volume decrease. By this means, taurine release by astrocytes into the extracellular fluid may represent an osmoregulatory mechanism whereby the brain attempts to compensate for cell swelling in ALF [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective alterations of brain osmolytes in acute liver failure: protective effect of mild hypothermia

et al. 2004

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Zwingmann, C. et al., 2004. Selective alterations of brain osmolytes in acute liver failure: protective effect of mild hypothermia. Brain Research, 999(1), ABSTRACTThe principal cause of mortality in patients with acute liver failure (ALF) is brain herniation resulting from intracranial hypertension caused by a progressive increase of brain water. In the present study, ex vivo highresolution 1 H-NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate the effects of ALF, with or without superimposed hypothermia, on brain organic osmolyte concentrations in relation to the severity of encephalopathy and brain edema in rats with ALF due to hepatic devascularization. In normothermic ALF rats, glutamine concentrations in frontal cortex increased more than fourfold at precoma stages, i.e. prior to the onset of severe encephalopathy, but showed no further increase at coma stages. In parallel with glutamine accumulation, the brain organic osmolytes myo-inositol and taurine were significantly decreased in frontal cortex to 63% and 67% of control values, respectively, at precoma stages (p<0.01), and to 58% and 67%, respectively, at coma stages of encephalopathy (p<0.01). Hypothermia, which prevented brain edema and encephalopathy in ALF rats, significantly attenuated the depletion of myo-inositol and taurine. Brain glutamine concentrations, on the other hand, did not respond to hypothermia. These findings demonstrate that experimental ALF results in selective changes in brain organic osmolytes as a function of the degree of encephalopathy which are associated with brain edema, and provides a further rationale for the continued use of hypothermia in the management of this condition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective alterations of brain osmolytes in acute liver failure: protective effect of mild hypothermia

et al. 2004

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“…There was no substantial change in glutamine synthetase ac tivity. Taurine, another osmolyte thought to be im portant in cell volume regulation during hypoos motic conditions (Pasantes Morales and Schous boe, 1988;Wade et a!. , 1988), was found to be unchanged during acute liver ischemia, despite ce rebral edema formation (Swain et a!., 1992), or to decrease slightly after ammonium acetate injection (Engelsen et a!.…”

Section: ± I ± Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Preservation of Cerebral Blood Flow Responses to Hypoxia and Arterial Pressure Alterations in Hyperammonemic Rats

Hirata

Koehler

Brusilow

et al. 1995

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Summary: Acute hyperammonemia causes cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure and loss of cerebral blood flow (CBF) responsivity to CO2, Inhibition of glu tamine synthetase prevents these abnormalities. If the loss of CO2 responsivity is secondary to the mechanical effects of edema, one would anticipate loss of responsiv ity to other physiological stimuli, such as hypoxia and changes in mean arterial blood pressure (M ABP). To test this possibility, pentobarbital-anesthetized rats were sub jected to either hypoxic hypoxia (Pao2 = 30 mm Hg), hemorrhagic hypotension (M ABP =70 and 50 mm Hg), or phenylephrine-induced hypertension (M ABP = 125 and 145 mm Hg). CBF was measured with radiolabeled mi crospheres. Experimental groups received intravenous ammonium acetate (=50 /-Lmol min -1 kg

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“…A few reports indicate that taurine is accumulated and released as though it were an osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation. The brains ofrats made severely hypernatremic contained higher concentrations of taurine than the brains of rats maintained under isotonic conditions in most (23)(24)(25) but not all (26) studies. The hypertonic brains also contained some other well-established osmolytes (25,26).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine behaves as an osmolyte in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Protection by polarized, regulated transport of taurine.

Uchida¹,

Nakanishi²,

Kwon³

et al. 1991

J. Clin. Invest.

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A Possible Role for Taurine in Osmoregulation Within the Brain

Cited by 217 publications

References 30 publications

Selective alterations of brain osmolytes in acute liver failure: protective effect of mild hypothermia

Selective alterations of brain osmolytes in acute liver failure: protective effect of mild hypothermia

Preservation of Cerebral Blood Flow Responses to Hypoxia and Arterial Pressure Alterations in Hyperammonemic Rats

Taurine behaves as an osmolyte in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Protection by polarized, regulated transport of taurine.

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