A possible role for B cells in COVID-19? Lesson from patients with agammaglobulinemia

Quinti, Isabella; Lougaris, Vassilios; Milito, Cinzia; Cinetto, Francesco; Pecoraro, Antonio; Mezzaroma, Ivano; Mastroianni, Claudio Maria; Turriziani, Ombretta; Bondioni, Maria Pia; Filippini, Matteo; Soresina, Annarosa; Spadaro, Giuseppe; Agostini, Carlo; Carsetti, Rita; Plebani, Alessandro

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.013

Cited by 290 publications

(350 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…B cells are another immune cell type that plays an important role in protection from viral infections by generating non-speci c as well as virus-speci c antibodies. Patients with common variable immunode ciencies and defective antibody production have been reported to exhibit severe symptoms of COVID-19 [13]. The present patient showed a marked decrease in circulating CD19 + B cell numbers (at day 16, 0.5% per CD45+ cell; 10% or more is normal), which did not recover during the clinical course (at day 28, 1.8% per CD45+ cell).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Continuous extracorporeal treatments in a dialysis patient with COVID-19

Nihei

Nagasawa

Fukao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is now a major global health threat. More than half a year have passed since the first discovery of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2), no effective treatment has been established especially in intensive care unit. Inflammatory cytokine storm caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported to play a central role in COVID-19; therefore, treatments for suppressing cytokines, including extracorporeal treatments, are considered to be beneficial. However, until today the efficacy of removing cytokines by extracorporeal treatments in patients with COVID-19 is unclear. Herein, we report our experience with a 66-year-old male patient undergoing maintenance peritoneal dialysis who became critically ill with COVID-19 and underwent several extracorporeal treatment approaches including plasma exchange, direct hemoperfusion using a polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column and continuous hemodiafiltration. Though the patient developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) repeatedly and subacute cerebral infarction and finally died for respiratory failure on day 30 after admission, these attempts appeared to dampen the cytokine storm based on the observed decline in serum IL-6 levels and were effective against ARDS and secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. This case suggests the significance of timely initiation of extracorporeal treatment approaches in critically ill patients with COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Continuous extracorporeal treatments in a dialysis patient with COVID-19

Nihei

Nagasawa

Fukao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…This lymphopenia has been related to a significant decrease in T cells (in particular CD8 + T cells) and this significant decrease of T lymphocyte subset is positively correlated with in-hospital death and severity of illness [18]. B lymphocytes have also been proposed to be involved in Covid-19, since patients with Agammaglobulinemia lacking B lymphocytes had a mild clinical course in contrast to Covid-19 patients with Common Variable Immune Deficiency [19]. Since Human B Cell Memory through CD27 dull and CD27 bright epitope is different along age, B lymphocytes could be at the origin of difference responses between children and adults in early phase of Covid-19.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Infection Induces Hematological Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is COVID-19 a New Hematologic Disease?

Debuc

Smadja

2020

Stem Cell Rev and Rep

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SARS-CoV-2 viruses are positive single-stranded RNA viruses, whose infection can be asymptomatic or lead to the coronavirus disease 2019 . Covid-19 is a respiratory infection with a significant impact on the hematopoietic system and hemostasis leading to several cardiovascular complications. Hematologic consequences of this new infection allowed medical community to start new treatment approaches concerning infection going from targeted anti-inflammatory drugs to anticoagulation or stem cell therapies. A better understanding of Covid-19 pathophysiology, in particular hematological disorders, will help to choose appropriate treatment strategies.

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“…The T cell response was shown to be critical for protection in SARS-1-infected mice [6]. Patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia, a genetic disorder associated with lack of B cells, have been reported to recover from symptomatic COVID-19 [7,8], suggesting that in some cases T cells are sufficient for viral clearance. Theravajan et al showed that activated CD8+HLA-DR+CD38+ T cells in a mild case of COVID-19 significantly expand following symptom onset, reaching their peak frequency of 12% of CD8+ T cells on day 9 after symptom onset, and contract thereafter [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal high-throughput TCR repertoire profiling reveals the dynamics of T cell memory formation after mild COVID-19 infection

Minervina

Komech

Titov

et al. 2020

Preprint

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COVID-19 is a global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. T cell response is a critical part of both individual and herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and the efficacy of developed vaccines. However neither the dynamics and cross-reactivity of the SARS-CoV-2specific T cell response nor the diversity of resulting immune memory are well understood. In this study we use longitudinal high-throughput T cell receptor sequencing to track changes in the T cell repertoire following two mild cases of COVID-19 infection. In both donors we identified SARS-CoV-2-responding CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones. We describe characteristic motifs in TCR sequences of COVID-19-reactive clones, suggesting the existence of immunodominant epitopes. We show that in both donors the majority of infection-reactive clonotypes acquire memory phenotypes. Certain CD4+ clones were detected in the memory fraction at the pre-infection timepoint, suggesting participation of pre-existing cross-reactive memory T cells in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2.

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A possible role for B cells in COVID-19? Lesson from patients with agammaglobulinemia

Cited by 290 publications

References 8 publications

Continuous extracorporeal treatments in a dialysis patient with COVID-19

Continuous extracorporeal treatments in a dialysis patient with COVID-19

Is COVID-19 a New Hematologic Disease?

Longitudinal high-throughput TCR repertoire profiling reveals the dynamics of T cell memory formation after mild COVID-19 infection

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