A possible mechanism for noradrenaline involvement in the effector responses to cold exposure

α1- and β-Adrenoblockers Effects on Immunogenesis in Rats under Thermoneutral Conditions and after Cooling of Various Extent

“…Similarly to our previous studies [1,8], fast cooling exposed with no effect to circulating antibodies in blood (hemagglutination) influenced the antigenbinding function of spleen and peritoneal exudates cells, and the antibody producing in spleen too: superficial cooling stimulated this processes, and deep cooling -suppressed. The lack of changes in amount of blood circulating antibodies in both cooling types may indicate the less sensitivity of this constituent of immune response to antigen in comparison to response to cooling.…”

“…Possible norepinephrine effects on immune reactions were shown by number of authors [4,9]. In our studies were established norepinephrine-produced changes of immune effect, developed both in thermoneutral conditions and under exposure to subsequent cooling [8]. That gave an opportunity to suggest the modulatory effects of exposure to cold to be associated with changes in sympathetic nervous system activity during cooling.…”

“…Previously it was established, that ionophoretic delivery of distilled water (vehicle) does not affect immune response [8].…”

Neurophysiological aspects of the long-term adaptation to cold in mammals: The role of central and peripheral thermoreceptors

“…10). According to our observations (Kozyreva et al, , 1999a(Kozyreva et al, , 2001 iontophoretic application of noradrenaline to the skin to the site of the action of the cold stimulus, i.e. when noradrenaline acts predomi- Kozyreva and Pierau, 1994).…”

Modulating Effects of Calcium on Immune Response of Homoiothermal Animal under Thermoneutral Conditions and during Deep Cooling

“…It was previously established, that ionophoretic application of distilled water (vehicle) does not affect the immune response [10].…”