A possible genetic model of the Shuangwang hydrothermal breccia gold deposit, Shaanxi Province, central China: Evidence from fluid inclusion and stable isotope

The Antuoling Mo deposit is a major porphyry-type deposit in the polymetallic metallogenic belt of the northern Taihang Mountains, China. The processes of mineralization in this deposit can be divided into three stages: an early quartz-pyrite stage, a middle quartz-polymetallic sulfide stage, and a late quartz-carbonate stage. Four types of primary fluid inclusions are found in the deposit: two-phase aqueous inclusions, daughter-mineral-bearing multiphase inclusions, CO 2 -H 2 O inclusions, and pure CO 2 inclusions. From the early to the late ore-forming stages, the homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions are 300 to >500°C, 270-425°C, and 195-330°C, respectively, with salinities of up to 50.2 wt%, 5.3-47.3 wt%, and 2.2-10.4 wt% NaCl equivalent, revealing that the ore-forming fluids changed from high temperature and high salinity to lower temperature and lower salinity. Moreover, based on the laser Raman spectra, the compositions of the fluid inclusions evolved from the NaCl-CO 2 -H 2 O to the NaCl-H 2 O system. The δ 18 O H2O and δD values of quartz in the deposit range from +3.9‰ to +7.0‰ and À117.5‰ to À134.2‰, respectively, reflecting the δD of local meteoric water after oxygen isotopic exchange with host rocks. The Pb isotope values of the sulfides ( 208 Pb/ 204 Pb, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb, 206 Pb/ 204 Pb,) indicate that the ore-forming materials originated from a mixed upper mantle-lower crust source.

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“…H and O isotopes are powerful tracers of the sources and evolution of ore‐forming fluids (Wang et al, ). On the δD–δ 18 O diagram (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pb isotopes reveal the nature of the Pb reservoir(s) and the ore‐forming geotectonic environment, and are effective indicators of the source of ore‐forming metals (Wang et al, ). The characteristics of the Pb isotopes in the Antuoling Mo deposit are consistent with those in other Mo deposits in this region, such as at Mujicun (Qu, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Inclusions and Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Lead Isotopes of the Antuoling Molybdenum Deposit, Northern Taihang Mountains, China

Zhe

Song

et al. 2017

Resource Geology

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“…Gold ores are characterized by breccias in the Shuangwang gold deposit. Previous studies showed that gold-bearing breccias are the result of hydraulic fracturing induced by overpressured ore-forming fluid [10,11,27]. Breccia ores contain country rock fragments dominated by albitized slate and siltstone (Figure 3d-g).…”

Section: -215 Mamentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Four ore-forming stages have been summarized by previous research [10]. Stage I, replacement stage before brecciation with an ankerite-quartz-albite assemblage; Stage II is represented by an assemblage of quartz, albite, pyrite, and ankerite; Stage III has a pyrite-calcite-quartz assemblage; Stage IV exhibits an assemblage of fluorite, dickite, and gypsum with no gold deposition.…”

Section: -215 Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Typomorphic Characteristics of Pyrites from the Shuangwang Gold Deposit, Shaanxi, China: Index to Deep Ore Exploration

et al. 2019

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The large Shuangwang gold deposit (>80 t gold) is located in the Western Qinling Orogen (WQO) of central China. It is an orogenic-type gold deposit hosted in an NW-extending breccia belt in the Devonian Xinghongpu Formation. Gold mineralization of the Shuangwang deposit is featured by hydrothermal breccia ores with strata fragments cemented by hydrothermal minerals dominated by ankerite, quartz, and pyrite with minor amounts of calcite and albite. Pyrite is the major gold-hosting sulfide and the most abundant ore mineral. Crystal habits, thermoelectricity, and trace-element composition of pyrites from the main ore-forming stage of the Shuangwang gold deposit were studied by microbinocular, BHTE-06 thermoelectric coefficient measuring instrument, and high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS). Spatial distribution of the above data for pyrites was delineated by contour maps of morphology index, P-type frequency, and primary halo elements (e.g., supraore halo elements Ba and Sb; near-ore halo elements Pb, Zn, and Cu; and subore halo elements Co, Mo, and Bi). Based on the above results, four target areas (areas between prospecting lines 0 and 1, between lines 14 and 18 below orebody KT9; areas between prospecting lines 30 and 34, between lines 44 and 46 below orebody KT8) were put forward for deep gold exploration in the future. These targets are consistent with the depth extrapolation of proven gold orebodies, indicating the practicality of typomorphic characterization of pyrites as vector to deep/concealed gold orebodies. The effectiveness of the pyrite typomorphic parameter for deep gold prediction seems to be chemical composition, crystal habits, and then thermoelectricity.

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Geology, geochemistry and genesis of the Suolong gold deposit in the West Qinling Orogen, Gansu Province, China

et al. 2023

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The Suolong gold deposit is in the eastern part of the Min‐Li metallogenic belt within the West Qinling Orogen. It is hosted in Lower Permian sandstone and siltstone. The gold mineralization is fault‐ and joint‐controlled. Four hydrothermal stages of mineralization, including the sulphide‐quartz stage, the arsenian pyrite‐quartz stage, the polymetallic sulphide‐quartz‐carbonate stage and the sulphide‐carbonate stage, were identified. Here we report results from fluid inclusion studies and C‐H‐O‐S‐Pb isotopes to get insight into the characteristics of mineralization and ore genesis. Fluid inclusion results indicate that the ore‐forming temperatures and salinities were in the range from 135 to 419°C and 0.18 to 15.27 wt.%, respectively. The δ34S values of pyrite, arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite varied in the 5.3‰–11.4‰ range, suggesting that sulphur originated from stratum sulphur. Lead isotopic compositions of sulphide (206Pb/204Pb = 18.344–18.418, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.628–15.701, 208Pb/204Pb = 38.508–38.743) indicate an upper crust source for Pb. The δ18OH2O‐SMOW and δDSMOW values range from 1.01‰ to 10.31‰ and −116.0‰ to −29.2‰, respectively, indicating that metamorphic water was the source of ore‐forming fluids. The δ13CPDB values (−11.4 to −2.1‰) show that the carbon in the ore‐forming fluids originated predominantly from a deep source. Our data suggest that the Suolong gold deposit is an orogenic gold deposit related to the subduction of an oceanic plate along the Mianlue belt.

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A possible genetic model of the Shuangwang hydrothermal breccia gold deposit, Shaanxi Province, central China: Evidence from fluid inclusion and stable isotope

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

Fluid Inclusions and Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Lead Isotopes of the Antuoling Molybdenum Deposit, Northern Taihang Mountains, China

Fluid Inclusions and Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Lead Isotopes of the Antuoling Molybdenum Deposit, Northern Taihang Mountains, China

Typomorphic Characteristics of Pyrites from the Shuangwang Gold Deposit, Shaanxi, China: Index to Deep Ore Exploration

Geology, geochemistry and genesis of the Suolong gold deposit in the West Qinling Orogen, Gansu Province, China

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