A possible ctenosauriscid archosaur from the Middle Triassic Manda Beds of Tanzania

Butler, Richard J.; Barrett, Paul M.; Abel, Richard; Gower, David J.

doi:10.1671/039.029.0404

Cited by 47 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…An additional (infrapostzygapophyseal) lamina (aipol) similarly divides the fossa into two equally developed subfossae. A similar accessory lamina subdividing the infrapostzygapophyseal fossa was reported by Butler et al (2009) for Hypselorhachis for a dorsal vertebra. An additional infraprezygapophyseal lamina is so far only described for Stagonosuchus nyassicus.…”

Section: Stagonosuchus Nyassicus Von Huene 1938supporting

confidence: 73%

Reassessment of the Middle Triassic rauisuchian archosaurs Ticinosuchus ferox and Stagonosuchus nyassicus

Lautenschlager

Desojo

2011

Paläontol. Z.

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The Middle Triassic (Anisian) rauisuchian archosaurs Ticinosuchus ferox and Stagonosuchus nyassicus are two of the earliest representatives of this group and therefore of special importance for our understanding of the evolution and early diversification of Rauisuchia. Both taxa are well preserved and, in the case of the holotype of Ticinosuchus ferox, nearly complete and articulated. However, the original descriptions and recent revisions of the material do not sufficiently cover all aspects of their osteology. We identify new skull elements previously unknown for Ticinosuchus ferox and present new reconstructions of the pectoral and pelvic girdle elements. Vertebral laminae and fossae are described for the first time in both Ticinosuchus ferox and Stagonosuchus nyassicus. Newly recognised character states of Stagonosuchus nyassicus include the presence of additional infraprezygapophyseal and infrapostzygapophyseal laminae in the cervical vertebrae, a hyposphene-hypantrum articulation in the dorsal vertebrae and a fibula with a posteromedial depression. Furthermore, we provide a revised and emended diagnosis for both taxa, including several autapomorphies for Stagonosuchus nyassicus (e.g. a boss-like protuberance on the postacetabular process of the iliac blade and a marked short dorsolateral crest on the proximal ischium). We review the taxonomic status of a further specimen of Ticinosuchus ferox, as well as material related to Stagonosuchus nyassicus from the Manda Beds of Tanzania. Additionally, we discuss the distribution and possible function of rauisuchian characters, such as accessory neural spines in the caudal vertebrae, in these and other rauisuchian taxa.Kurzfassung Aufgrund ihres stratigraphischen Alters sind die beiden Rauisuchier Ticinosuchus ferox und Stagonosuchus nyassicus aus der Mittleren Trias (Anisium) für das Verständnis der Evolution und frühen Diversifikation der Rauisuchier von besonderer Bedeutung. Obwohl beide Taxa gut erhalten sind, und der Holotyp von Ticinosuchus ferox fast vollständig und artikuliert ist, weisen sowohl die Erstbeschreibungen, als auch neuere Bearbeitungen, Lücken auf. Wir beschreiben bisher unbekannte Schädelelemente von Ticinosuchus ferox und präsentieren neue Rekonstruktionen des Schulter-und Beckengürtels. Erstmals beschreiben wir detailliert die Lamina und Fossa der Hals-und Rückenwirbel beider Taxa, sowie neu identifizierte Merkmalen von Stagonosuchus nyassicus. Dazu zählen: Zusätzliche infraprezygapophyseale und infrapostzygapophyseale Lamina in den Halswirbeln, Hyposphen-Hypantrum-Gelenkungen in den Rückenwirbeln und eine charakteristische posteromediale Vertiefung in der Fibula. Desweiteren präsentieren wir eine erweiterte und

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Section: Stagonosuchus Nyassicus Von Huene 1938supporting

confidence: 73%

Reassessment of the Middle Triassic rauisuchian archosaurs Ticinosuchus ferox and Stagonosuchus nyassicus

Lautenschlager

Desojo

2011

Paläontol. Z.

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“…7B–D), but are slightly longer than high with ventral margins that are strongly arched dorsally in lateral view and possess concave anterior and posterior articular surfaces (it is possible to deduce the concavity of these articular surfaces, even though not exposed, because the centra are broken through their midline). In all of these features, the centra closely resemble those of Hypselorhachis [22] and Arizonasaurus [18]. The dorsal centra of Lotosaurus , however, have less concave (often to the point of being straight) ventral margins (IVPP V4913, 4880, 49271; [15]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When mentioned (largely in passing), it has generally been referred to as of Middle Triassic age [3], [22], stemming from the assertion of Krebs [30], [32] that the entire upper Middle Buntsandstein is of Anisian age. However, stratigraphic work supports a well-constrained latest Olenekian age for the part of the upper Middle Buntsandstein from which Ctenosauriscus was collected (see below), and thus Ctenosauriscus is one of the oldest known crown archosaur specimens, perhaps the oldest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sail-Backed Reptile Ctenosauriscus from the Latest Early Triassic of Germany and the Timing and Biogeography of the Early Archosaur Radiation

et al. 2011

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BackgroundArchosaurs (birds, crocodilians and their extinct relatives including dinosaurs) dominated Mesozoic continental ecosystems from the Late Triassic onwards, and still form a major component of modern ecosystems (>10,000 species). The earliest diverse archosaur faunal assemblages are known from the Middle Triassic (c. 244 Ma), implying that the archosaur radiation began in the Early Triassic (252.3–247.2 Ma). Understanding of this radiation is currently limited by the poor early fossil record of the group in terms of skeletal remains.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe redescribe the anatomy and stratigraphic position of the type specimen of Ctenosauriscus koeneni (Huene), a sail-backed reptile from the Early Triassic (late Olenekian) Solling Formation of northern Germany that potentially represents the oldest known archosaur. We critically discuss previous biomechanical work on the ‘sail’ of Ctenosauriscus, which is formed by a series of elongated neural spines. In addition, we describe Ctenosauriscus-like postcranial material from the earliest Middle Triassic (early Anisian) Röt Formation of Waldhaus, southwestern Germany. Finally, we review the spatial and temporal distribution of the earliest archosaur fossils and their implications for understanding the dynamics of the archosaur radiation.Conclusions/SignificanceComprehensive numerical phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that both Ctenosauriscus and the Waldhaus taxon are members of a monophyletic grouping of poposauroid archosaurs, Ctenosauriscidae, characterised by greatly elongated neural spines in the posterior cervical to anterior caudal vertebrae. The earliest archosaurs, including Ctenosauriscus, appear in the body fossil record just prior to the Olenekian/Anisian boundary (c. 248 Ma), less than 5 million years after the Permian–Triassic mass extinction. These earliest archosaur assemblages are dominated by ctenosauriscids, which were broadly distributed across northern Pangea and which appear to have been the first global radiation of archosaurs.

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“…The deep fossae present on the lateral surfaces of the lower part of the neural arch are similar to those seen in saurischian dinosaurs (such fossae are generally interpreted as pneumatic in origin) but such fossae are also seen in a range of Triassic archosaurs and basal archosauromorphs, including Erythrosuchus africanus (Gower 2001(Gower , 2003, Bromsgroveia walkeri (Galton & Walker 1996;Benton and Gower 1997), Postosuchus kirkpatricki (Chatterjee 1985), Arizonasaurus babbitti (Nesbitt 2005) and Hypselorhachis mirabilis (Butler et al 2009). However, fossae present in pseudosuchians may not be related to skeletal pneumaticity (Butler et al 2012).…”

Section: Other Material Single Vertebra Of T Antiquus From Gogolin mentioning

confidence: 65%

A re-evaluation of the historical ‘dinosaur’ remains from the Middle-Upper Triassic of Poland

Skawiński

Ziegler²,

Czepiński

et al. 2016

Historical Biology

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A possible ctenosauriscid archosaur from the Middle Triassic Manda Beds of Tanzania

Cited by 47 publications

References 45 publications

Reassessment of the Middle Triassic rauisuchian archosaurs Ticinosuchus ferox and Stagonosuchus nyassicus

Reassessment of the Middle Triassic rauisuchian archosaurs Ticinosuchus ferox and Stagonosuchus nyassicus

The Sail-Backed Reptile Ctenosauriscus from the Latest Early Triassic of Germany and the Timing and Biogeography of the Early Archosaur Radiation

A re-evaluation of the historical ‘dinosaur’ remains from the Middle-Upper Triassic of Poland

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